ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Retinal Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Neuroretinal Degeneration in Diabetic Patients.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors of retinal vein occlusion in East Asia: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- The relationship between refractive error and the risk of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Mendelian randomization indicates a causal contribution of type 2 diabetes to retinal vein occlusion.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Interferon-mediated regulation of the neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Translational Pharmaceutical Perspectives on Quinones as Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Agents in Diabetes and Its Complications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Endothelial cell-derived microRNAs-containing extracellular vesicles and diabetic retinopathy in a mouse model of diabetes.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2026Article
- Pharmacological manipulation of Sema4D by salvianolic acid A mitigates diabetic retinopathy via inhibiting PlexinB1/RhoA/ROCK/pMLC2 signaling cascade involved in endothelial dysfunction.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Validation of Deep Capillary Plexus OCTA Metrics as Predictors of Diabetic Retinopathy Complications: A One-Year Longitudinal Study.Research square · 2026Article
- Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in uveitis: Bridging inflammation and vascular pathology.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal associations between cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and sensory impairments in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a weighted marginal structural model analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Factors affecting color vision: a systematic review.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Decoding Vascular Senescence: Cellular Insights and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their role in diabetes mellitus and related complications: mechanisms and therapeutic insights.Glycoconjugate journal · 2025Review
- Are statins a promising therapeutic strategy for macular edema? Insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- Emergence of endothelial subtypes and role of cell cycle control in arterial-venous specification during embryonic vascular development.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Early-stage diabetic retinopathy: gut-metabolic triggers, immune-neurodegeneration, and interventions.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Exploring the Causal Relationships Between Psychiatric Disorders and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Disease Diagnosis Using Retinal Vasculature: Insights from Flammer Syndrome and AI.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Endothelial function can be modulated by acute hyperglycemia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a vital societal problem as epidemiological studies demonstrate the increasing incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Lesions observed in the retina in the course of diabetes, referred to as diabetic retinopathy (DR), are caused by vascular abnormalities and are ischemic in nature. Vascular lesions in diabetes pertain to small vessels (microangiopathy) and involve precapillary arterioles, capillaries and small veins. Pericyte loss, thickening of the basement membrane, and damage and proliferation of endothelial cells are observed. Endothelial cells (monolayer squamous epithelium) form the smooth internal vascular lining indispensable for normal blood flow. Breaking its continuity initiates blood coagulation at that site. The endothelium controls the process of exchange of chemical substances (nutritional, regulatory, waste products) between blood and the retina, and blood cell passing through the vascular wall. Endothelial cells produce biologically active substances involved in blood coagulation, regulating vascular wall tension and stimulating neoangiogenesis. On the other hand, recent studies have demonstrated that diabetic retinopathy may be not only a microvascular disease, but is a result of neuroretinal degeneration. Neuroretinal degeneration appears structurally, as neural apoptosis of amacrine and Muller cells, reactive gliosis, ganglion cell layer/inner plexiform (GCL) thickness, retinal thickness, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and a reduction of the neuroretinal rim in minimum rim width (MRW) and functionally as an abnormal electroretinogram (ERG), dark adaptation, contrast sensitivity, color vision, and microperimetric test. The findings in early stages of diabetic retinopathy may precede microvascular changes of this disease. Furthermore, the article's objective is to characterize the factors and mechanisms conducive to microvascular changes and neuroretinal apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy. Only when all the measures preventing vascular dysfunction are determined will the risk of complications in the course of diabetes be minimized.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.