ArticlemSphere2021
New Insights and Enhanced Human Norovirus Cultivation in Human Intestinal Enteroids.
Article in mSphere, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Norovirus inter-species transmission in an ex vivo model is dependent on virus internalization capacity.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Intestinal Organoids as Models to Study Viruses: Current Application and Future Perspective.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Comparison of human intestinal enteroid and zebrafish larva models for replication of human norovirus.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Organoids Gone Viral: A Comprehensive Review on Human Organoid Models to Study Viral Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2026Review
- Overcoming host restrictions to enable continuous passaging of GII.3 human norovirus in human intestinal enteroids.Science advances · 2026Article
- Recovery of infectious recombinant human norovirus using zebrafish embryos.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- 25-Hydroxycholesterol restricts human norovirus replication in human intestinal enteroids.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Intestinal organoid models as tools to interrogate the physiology of human mucosal tissues and host-microbe interactions.mSphere · 2025Review
- Article
- BTP2 restricts Tulane virus and human norovirus replication independent of store-operated calcium entry.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Norovirus replication, host interactions and vaccine advances.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Proteomics as a complementary approach to measure norovirus infection in clinical samples.Virology · 2025Review
- Human intestinal enteroids for evaluating the persistence of infectious human norovirus in raw surface freshwater.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- 2'-Fucosyllactose inhibits human norovirus replication in human intestinal enteroids.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The Use of Gut Organoids: To Study the Physiology and Disease of the Gut Microbiota.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Review
- H and B Blood Antigens Are Essential for In Vitro Replication of GII.2 Human Norovirus.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Ultraviolet (UV-C) Light Systems for the Inactivation of Feline Calicivirus and Tulane Virus in Model Fluid Foods.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Conformational Flexibility in Capsids Encoded by theViruses · 2024Review
- Article
- In Vitro Culture of Human Norovirus in the Last 20 Years.Biomedicines · 2024Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis worldwide. We previously demonstrated human intestinal stem cell-derived enteroids (HIEs) support cultivation of several HuNoV strains. However, HIEs did not support virus replication from every HuNoV-positive stool sample, which led us to test and optimize new medium conditions, identify characteristics of stool samples that allow replication, and evaluate consistency of replication over time. Optimization of our HIE-HuNoV culture system has shown the following: (i) a new HIE culture medium made with conditioned medium from a single cell line and commercial media promotes robust replication of HuNoV strains that replicated poorly in HIEs grown in our original culture medium made with conditioned media from 3 separate cell lines; (ii) GI.1, 11 GII genotypes (GII.1, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.7, GII.8, GII.12, GII.13, GII.14, and GII.17), and six GII.4 variants can be cultivated in HIEs; (iii) successful replication is more likely with virus in stools with higher virus titers; (iv) GII.4_Sydney_2012 virus replication was reproducible over 3 years; and (v) HuNoV infection is restricted to the small intestine, based on replication of two viral strains in duodenal and ileal HIEs, but not colonoids, from two susceptible donors. These results improve the HIE culture system for HuNoV replication. Use of HIEs by several laboratories worldwide to study the molecular mechanisms that regulate HuNoV replication confirms the usefulness of this culture system, and our optimized methods for virus replication will advance the development of effective therapies and methods for virus control.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.