Observational studyScientific reports2021
Linking the oral microbiome and salivary cytokine abundance to circadian oscillations.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Causal association between oral microbiota and hepatocellular carcinoma in East Asian populations: a Mendelian randomization study.Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- The Mechanism and Pathways of Formation and Modification of Salivary Metabolic Profile in Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Salivary periodontal pathogens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis: correlations with disease activity.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Diet-Oral Microbiota Interactions and Salivary Biomarkers of Nutritional Health: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Human Microbiome Alterations in Antarctic Isolated, Confined, and Extreme (ICE) Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression.International journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- Salivary Interleukins as Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Psoriasis: Advances and Challenges in Diagnosis and Monitoring.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Comprehensive integrative analysis of circadian rhythms in human saliva.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2025Article
- Effects of the sampling time on the vaginal microbiota in healthy pregnant women: a prospective observational study.AJOG global reports · 2025Article
- Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool for Systemic Diseases-A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Oral and gut microbiome profiles in people with early idiopathic Parkinson's disease.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- IL-6 after wake-up in human males: Exposure to red versus blue light and the interplay with cortisol.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Oral gavage delivery of Cornus officinalis extract delays type 1 diabetes onset and hyperglycemia in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice.FEBS open bio · 2024Article
- Variation in maternal lactation practices associated with changes in diurnal maternal inflammation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- The potential of including the microbiome as biomarker in population-based health studies: methods and benefits.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Dysrhythmic saliva microbiota in mobile phone addicts with sleep disorders and restored by acupuncture.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Microbiome features in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-related interstitial lung disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Microbial circadian clocks: host-microbe interplay in diel cycles.BMC microbiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Saliva has immense potential as a diagnostic fluid for identification and monitoring of several systemic diseases. Composition of the microbiome and inflammation has been associated and reflective of oral and overall health. In addition, the relative ease of collection of saliva further strengthens large-scale diagnostic purposes. However, the future clinical utility of saliva cannot be fully determined without a detailed examination of daily fluctuations that may occur within the oral microbiome and inflammation due to circadian rhythm. In this study, we explored the association between the salivary microbiome and the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in the saliva of 12 healthy adults over a period of 24 h by studying the 16S rRNA gene followed by negative binomial mixed model regression analysis. To determine the periodicity and oscillation patterns of both the oral microbiome and inflammation (represented by the cytokine levels), two of the twelve subjects were studied for three consecutive days. Our results indicate that the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to Prevotella, SR1 and Ruminococcaceae are significantly associated to IL-1β while Prevotella and Granulicatella were associated with IL-8. Our findings have also revealed a periodicity of both the oral microbiome (OTUs) and inflammation (cytokine levels) with identifiable patterns between IL-1β and Prevotella, and IL-6 with Prevotella, Neisseria and Porphyromonas. We believe that this study represents the first measure and demonstration of simultaneous periodic fluctuations of cytokine levels and specific populations of the oral microbiome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.