ReviewCNS drugs2021
Intranasal Insulin for Alzheimer's Disease.
Review in CNS drugs, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06391853 (Investigating Brain Insulin Resistance in Alzheimer Disease with Intra-Nasal Insulin Administration), which is not on this map. Cited by 86 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigating Brain Insulin Resistance in Alzheimer Disease with Intra-Nasal Insulin Administration: a Multimodal Neuroimaging Study
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of perioperative intranasal insulin on postoperative delirium in elderly hip fracture patients undergoing general anesthesia: a randomized controlled study.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- A phase 2A/B randomized trial of metabolic modulators intranasal insulin and empagliflozin for MCI and early AD.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Intranasal Insulin Diminishes Postoperative Delirium and Elevated Osteocalcin and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Older Patients Undergoing Joint Replacement: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Protective effect of intranasal insulin on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome undergoing noncardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Trial
- Neuroinflammatory and molecular pathways in Alzheimer's disease: mechanistic crosstalk and emerging therapeutic opportunities.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Disease mechanisms and translational barriers guide nanocarrier design for nose to brain delivery in Alzheimer's disease.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Time- and Region-Specific Effects of Intranasal Insulin on Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Rat Brain.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Metabolic breakdown: Linking insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Intranasal lipid nanocapsule administration of the new lipophenol quercetin-3-O-DHA-7-O-iPr reduces carbonyl stress and improves behavior in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Strategies for blood-brain barrier rejuvenation and repair.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Nuclear Translocation of IGF1R Induces Cell Cycle Re-entry via Cyclin D1 Regulation in an Aβ-Driven Alzheimer's Disease Model.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- From Polyphenols to Prodrugs: Bridging the Blood-Brain Barrier with Nanomedicine and Neurotherapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Intranasal Drug Delivery in Neuropharmacology: Advances in Brain-Targeted Therapies and Bioethical Challenges.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Targeted Nanodelivery of WGX50 and Curcumin via Gold Nanoparticles for Alzheimer's Therapy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Insulin Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease: Association with Brain Insulin Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota, Insulin Resistance, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review of Mechanistic Links and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Overcoming the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease: translational perspectives on advanced drug delivery platforms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Dysregulated glucose metabolism in the visual cortex of human subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- The Janus face of CaMKII: from memory consolidation to neurotoxic switch in Alzheimer's disease.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Type 3 Diabetes: Linking Insulin Resistance to Cognitive Decline.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain insulin signaling contributes to memory function and might be a viable target in the prevention and treatment of memory impairments including Alzheimer's disease. This short narrative review explores the potential of central nervous system (CNS) insulin administration via the intranasal pathway to improve memory performance in health and disease, with a focus on the most recent results. Proof-of-concept studies and (pilot) clinical trials in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease indicate that acute and prolonged intranasal insulin administration enhances memory performance, and suggest that brain insulin resistance is a pathophysiological factor in Alzheimer's disease with or without concomitant metabolic dysfunction. Intranasally administered insulin is assumed to trigger improvements in synaptic plasticity and regional glucose uptake as well as alleviations of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology; additional contributions of changes in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity and sleep-related mechanisms are discussed. While intranasal insulin delivery has been conclusively demonstrated to be effective and safe, the recent outcomes of large-scale clinical studies underline the need for further investigations, which might also yield new insights into sex differences in the response to intranasal insulin and contribute to the optimization of delivery devices to grasp the full potential of intranasal insulin for Alzheimer's disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.