ReviewEndocrinology2021
Update on the Health Effects of Bisphenol A: Overwhelming Evidence of Harm.
Review in Endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 227 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urinary bisphenol levels and blood pressure after soda consumption from cans, PET and glass bottles.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Theoretical Study on the Reaction Mechanism of Closed-Loop Recyclability of a Biomass-Derived Epoxy Resin Thermoset by Methanolysis.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Article
- Cumulative Bisphenol A Release and Elution Kinetics from Pediatric Restorative and Orthodontic Resin-Based Materials: An In Vitro LC-MS/MS Investigation.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Emerging evidence for skeletal muscle as a target of BPA exposure.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Review
- Bridging the life-course exposome approach with a life-cycle perspective in safe and sustainable by design (SSbD) for chemical risk.Human genomics · 2026Article
- Directed Evolution of an Efficient Polycarbonate Depolymerase With Exceptional Operational Stability.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Bisphenol A and breast cancer: Can mechanistic plausibility be reconciled with epidemiological inconsistency?iScience · 2026Review
- Review
- Role of antioxidant vitamins in mitigating the health risks from environmental toxicant exposures: a narrative review.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Review
- The assumption of a threshold is false in risk assessments for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) when endogenous hormones being disrupted are already above any possible threshold: a policy failure by the US FDA.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Review
- Food packaging-derived endocrine disruptors and breast cancer nutrition: dietary exposure, estrogen signaling, and survivorship implications.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Bisphenols and follicle function in farm species.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Associations of endocrine disrupting chemical biomarkers and their mixture with vitamin D biomarker concentrations in childhood: The HOME Study.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Living in a chemical cocktail: real-world mixture exposures and their impact on ovarian function.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Migration of Bisphenol A and Its Derivatives From Epoxy Coatings and Demand for BPA-NI Products: Scientific Insights and Perspectives Leading to Regulation (EU) 2024/3190.Chemistry, an Asian journal · 2025Review
- Bibliometric and visual analysis of global research on endocrine-disrupting chemicals and children's health: evidence, emerging concerns, and research gaps.Global health action · 2025Article
- Sustainable Bisphenol A Alternatives from Vanillin and Erythritol Using Zeolite Catalysts.ChemSusChem · 2025Article
- Developmental low-dose bisphenol A exposure leads to extensive transcriptome female masculinization and male feminization later in life.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Beyond Estrogenicity: A Comparative Assessment of Bisphenol A and Its Alternatives in In Vitro Assays Questions Safety of Replacements.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In 1997, the first in vivo bisphenol A (BPA) study by endocrinologists reported that feeding BPA to pregnant mice induced adverse reproductive effects in male offspring at the low dose of 2 µg/kg/day. Since then, thousands of studies have reported adverse effects in animals administered low doses of BPA. Despite more than 100 epidemiological studies suggesting associations between BPA and disease/dysfunction also reported in animal studies, regulatory agencies continue to assert that BPA exposures are safe. To address this disagreement, the CLARITY-BPA study was designed to evaluate traditional endpoints of toxicity and modern hypothesis-driven, disease-relevant outcomes in the same set of animals. A wide range of adverse effects was reported in both the toxicity and the mechanistic endpoints at the lowest dose tested (2.5 µg/kg/day), leading independent experts to call for the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) to be dropped 20 000-fold from the current outdated LOAEL of 50 000 µg/kg/day. Despite criticism by members of the Endocrine Society that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s assumptions violate basic principles of endocrinology, the FDA rejected all low-dose data as not biologically plausible. Their decisions rely on 4 incorrect assumptions: dose responses must be monotonic, there exists a threshold below which there are no effects, both sexes must respond similarly, and only toxicological guideline studies are valid. This review details more than 20 years of BPA studies and addresses the divide that exists between regulatory approaches and endocrine science. Ultimately, CLARITY-BPA has shed light on why traditional methods of evaluating toxicity are insufficient to evaluate endocrine disrupting chemicals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.