ReviewNeurosurgical focus2021
Using viral vectors to deliver local immunotherapy to glioblastoma.
Review in Neurosurgical focus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Non-lytic viral immunotherapy induces long-term glioblastoma survival and tumor-specific immunity without eliciting an antiviral response.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Limitations of Gliadel Wafers and Strategies for Next-Generation Local Delivery Systems for Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2026Review
- Targeting regulatory T cells in glioblastoma: from mechanistic insights to novel immunotherapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Small Biological Fighters Against Cancer: Viruses, Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, Protozoa, and Microalgae.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Electrospun Drug-Loaded and Gene-Loaded Nanofibres: The Holy Grail of Glioblastoma Therapy?Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Highlighted Advances in Therapies for Difficult-To-Treat Brain Tumours Such as Glioblastoma.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Membrane Internalization Mechanisms and Design Strategies of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Development of immunotherapy for high-grade gliomas: Overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Emerging trends and research foci of oncolytic virotherapy for central nervous system tumors: A bibliometric study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Oncolytic Virotherapy for Melanoma Brain Metastases, a Potential New Treatment Paradigm?Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Interactions Between Anti-Angiogenic Therapy and Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Advancing vaccine-based immunotherapy in glioblastoma treatment.Neuro-oncology advancesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) has not seen significant improvement in over a decade. Immunotherapies target the immune system against tumor cells and have seen success in various cancer types. However, the efficacy of immunotherapies in GBM thus far has been limited. Systemic immunotherapies also carry with them concerns surrounding systemic toxicities as well as penetration of the blood-brain barrier. These concerns may potentially limit their efficacy in GBM and preclude the use of combinatorial immunotherapy, which may be needed to overcome the severe multidimensional immune suppression seen in GBM patients. The use of viral vectors to deliver immunotherapies directly to tumor cells has the potential to improve immunotherapy delivery to the CNS, reduce systemic toxicities, and increase treatment efficacy. Indeed, preclinical studies investigating the delivery of immunomodulators to GBM using viral vectors have demonstrated significant promise. In this review, the authors discuss previous studies investigating the delivery of local immunotherapy using viral vectors. They also discuss the future of these treatments, including the reasoning behind immunomodulator and vector selection, patient safety, personalized therapies, and the need for combinatorial treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.