ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2021
Thymus and autoimmunity.
Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myasthenia Gravis With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies in the Very Old: Treatment Challenges and Diagnostic Pitfalls.European journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- A Prospective Clinical Trial of Efgartigimod for New-Onset Generalized Myasthenia Gravis.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Trial
- Thymic APC Networks Orchestrate T-Cell Selection: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities in Immune Disorders.Immunology · 2026Review
- HLA-II peptide-binding diversity shapes humoral immune responses and susceptibility to infections.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Long-Term Cancer and Mortality After Thymectomy.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Morphometric analysis of the thymic epithelial cell network using integrated and orthogonal digital pathology approaches.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Graves' Disease Diagnosed during an Evaluation of an Abnormal Opacity on a Chest X-ray with a Review of the Pertinent Literature.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Review
- Multi-omics profiling reveals intrathymic triggers and novel biomarkers in thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis.Biomarker research · 2026Article
- Case Report: Thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis, myositis, myocarditis, and anti-GAD65 autoimmune encephalitis: a unique case of paraneoplastic polyautoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pathobiology of thymic epithelial tumours and the treatment strategy based on immuno-oncological characteristics: a narrative review.Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) · 2026Review
- Advances in the Basic Sciences in Thoracic Oncology in the Last 20 Years and Their Translational Impact.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2026Review
- Thymic Hyperplasias in Practice: Clinical Context, Histological Clues, and Management Implications.Cancers · 2025Review
- Distribution of Ectopic Germinal Centers in Thymic Epithelial Tumors and Their Relationship With Thymic Involution.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Beyond cysts - organization of epithelial networks in the murine thymus.Journal of cell science · 2025Article
- The role of regulatory B cell/T follicular helper cell balance in thymoma and thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Thymic characteristics in patients with autoimmune diseases: a multicentre radiological observational study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Efgartigimod for Patients With Myasthenia Gravis in a Real-World Cohort of 77 Patients.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy in thymic epithelial tumors: an attractive dilemma.Investigational new drugs · 2025Review
- Deletion of thymic myoid cells regulates the thymic microenvironment involved in the progression of tumor-associated myasthenia gravis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Immune aberrations in thymic epithelial tumors.Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) · 2025Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The thymus prevents autoimmune diseases through mechanisms that operate in the cortex and medulla, comprising positive and negative selection and the generation of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Egress from the thymus through the perivascular space (PVS) to the blood is another possible checkpoint, as shown by some autoimmune/immunodeficiency syndromes. In polygenic autoimmune diseases, subtle thymic dysfunctions may compound genetic, hormonal and environmental cues. Here, we cover (a) tolerance-inducing cell types, whether thymic epithelial or tuft cells, or dendritic, B- or thymic myoid cells; (b) tolerance-inducing mechanisms and their failure in relation to thymic anatomic compartments, and with special emphasis on human monogenic and polygenic autoimmune diseases and the related thymic pathologies, if known; (c) polymorphisms and mutations of tolerance-related genes with an impact on positive selection (e.g. the gene encoding the thymoproteasome-specific subunit, PSMB11), promiscuous gene expression (e.g. AIRE, PRKDC, FEZF2, CHD4), Treg development (e.g. SATB1, FOXP3), T-cell migration (e.g. TAGAP) and egress from the thymus (e.g. MTS1, CORO1A); (d) myasthenia gravis as the prototypic outcome of an inflamed or disordered neoplastic 'sick thymus'.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.