ReviewThe pharmacogenomics journal2021
Pharmacogenomics and COVID-19: clinical implications of human genome interactions with repurposed drugs.
Review in The pharmacogenomics journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacogenomic Study of SARS-CoV-2 Treatments: Identifying Polymorphisms Associated with Treatment Response in COVID-19 Patients.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- From Drug Discovery to Drug Approval: A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacogenomics Status Quo with a Special Focus on Egypt.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Advancing Precision Medicine: A Review of Innovative In Silico Approaches for Drug Development, Clinical Pharmacology and Personalized Healthcare.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Pharmacogenomic Landscape of Ivermectin and Selective Antioxidants: Exploring Gene Interplay in the Context of Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Role of Cytochrome P450 2C9 in COVID-19 Treatment: Current Status and Future Directions.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2023Review
- Repurposing of drugs targeting the cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2.British journal of pharmacology · 2023Review
- Drug-target identification in COVID-19 disease mechanisms using computational systems biology approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Considerations into pharmacogenomics of COVID-19 pharmacotherapy: Hope, hype and reality.Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Review
- A review on computer-aided chemogenomics and drug repositioning for rational COVID-19 drug discovery.Chemical biology & drug design · 2022Review
- In vitro evaluation of the impact of Covid-19 therapeutic agents on the hydrolysis of the antiviral prodrug remdesivir.Chemico-biological interactions · 2022Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Related to Responses to Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Therapies in COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Will the Use of Pharmacogenetics Improve Treatment Efficiency in COVID-19?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Bacterial and Fungal Co-Infections and Superinfections in a Cohort of COVID-19 Patients: Real-Life Data from an Italian Third Level Hospital.Infectious disease reports · 2022Article
- Thrombocytopenia in COVID‑19 and vaccine‑induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia.International journal of molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Pharmacogenomics at the post-pandemic: If not now, then when?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- The Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Pharmacogenetics and Precision Medicine Approaches for the Improvement of COVID-19 Therapies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Personalized therapy: can it tame the COVID-19 monster?Personalized medicine · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into an emergent global pandemic. Many drugs without established efficacy are being used to treat COVID-19 patients either as an offlabel/compassionate use or as a clinical trial. Although drug repurposing is an attractive approach with reduced time and cost, there is a need to make predictions on success before the start of therapy. For the optimum use of these repurposed drugs, many factors should be considered such as drug-gene or dug-drug interactions, drug toxicity, and patient co-morbidity. There is limited data on the pharmacogenomics of these agents and this may constitute an obstacle for successful COVID-19 therapy. This article reviewed the available human genome interactions with some promising repurposed drugs for COVID-19 management. These drugs include chloroquine (CQ), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), atazanavir (ATV), favipiravir (FVP), nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV), oseltamivir, remdesivir, anakinra, tocilizumab (TCZ), eculizumab, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) regulators, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, ivermectin, and nitazoxanide. Drug-gene variant pairs that may alter the therapeutic outcomes in COVID-19 patients are presented. The major drug variant pairs that associated with variations in clinical efficacy include CQ/HCQ (CYP2C8, CYP2D6, ACE2, and HO-1); azithromycin (ABCB1); LPV/r (SLCO1B1, ABCB1, ABCC2 and CYP3A); NVP (ABCC10); oseltamivir (CES1 and ABCB1); remdesivir (CYP2C8, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and OATP1B1); anakinra (IL-1a); and TCZ (IL6R and FCGR3A). The major drug variant pairs that associated with variations in adverse effects include CQ/HCQ (G6PD; hemolysis and ABCA4; retinopathy), ATV (MDR1 and UGT1A1*28; hyperbilirubinemia; and APOA5; dyslipidemia), NVP (HLA-DRB1*01, HLA-B*3505 and CYP2B6; skin rash and MDR1; hepatotoxicity), and EFV (CYP2B6; depression and suicidal tendencies).
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.