ReviewIn vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal2021
In vitro reconstructed 3D corneal tissue models for ocular toxicology and ophthalmic drug development.
Review in In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and Validation of an In Vitro Ocular Irritation Test for Ophthalmic Medical Devices with a Novel Reconstructed Human Corneal Epithelium Model.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- An In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect and Protection of Artificial Tear Formulations on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells in Normal and Dry Eye Disease States.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Microbial modulation of proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis in a three-dimensional corneal epithelium model.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Hydrodynamically generated multilayer skin spheroids enable in vitro screening of biologically active ingredients and toxicity tests.Science advances · 2025Article
- Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Induced by Microplastics: An Endpoint in the Liver-Eye Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Development and Characterization of Dual-Loaded Niosomal Ion-Sensitive In Situ Gel for Ocular Delivery.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Imaging-Based Drug Penetration Profiling in an Excised Sheep Cornea Model.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- An Assessment of the Ocular Toxicity of Two Major Sources of Environmental Exposure.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Design and validation of a custom-made system to measure transepithelial electrical impedance in human corneas preserved in active storage machine.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2024Article
- Comparison of In Vitro Corneal Permeation and In Vivo Ocular Bioavailability in Rabbits of Three Marketed Latanoprost Formulations.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2023Article
- Recent Options and Techniques to Assess Improved Bioavailability: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Methods.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- In Vitro Models of Biological Barriers for Nanomedical Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- An in vitro 3-dimensional Collagen-based Corneal Construct with Innervation Using Human Corneal Cell Lines.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Testing of all manufactured products and their ingredients for eye irritation is a regulatory requirement. In the last two decades, the development of alternatives to the in vivo Draize eye irritation test method has substantially advanced due to the improvements in primary cell isolation, cell culture techniques, and media, which have led to improved in vitro corneal tissue models and test methods. Most in vitro models for ocular toxicology attempt to reproduce the corneal epithelial tissue which consists of 4-5 layers of non-keratinized corneal epithelial cells that form tight junctions, thereby limiting the penetration of chemicals, xenobiotics, and pharmaceuticals. Also, significant efforts have been directed toward the development of more complex three-dimensional (3D) equivalents to study wound healing, drug permeation, and bioavailability. This review focuses on in vitro reconstructed 3D corneal tissue models and their utilization in ocular toxicology as well as their application to pharmacology and ophthalmic research. Current human 3D corneal epithelial cell culture models have replaced in vivo animal eye irritation tests for many applications, and substantial validation efforts are in progress to verify and approve alternative eye irritation tests for widespread use. The validation of drug absorption models and further development of models and test methods for many ophthalmic and ocular disease applications is required.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.