ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2021
Treatment strategies for cryptococcal infection: challenges, advances and future outlook.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 198 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
198 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 345 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cryptococcosis-a systematic review to inform the World Health Organization Fungal Priority Pathogens List.Medical mycology · 2024Pooled it
- Mapping the Global Spread of T. indotineae: An Update on Antifungal Resistance, Mutations, and Strategies for Effective Management.Mycopathologia · 2024Pooled it
- Bioavailability of three novel oral, sustained-release pellets, relative to an immediate-release tablet containing 500 mg flucytosine: A randomized, open-label, crossover study in healthy volunteers.Clinical and translational science · 2024Trial
- Enhanced intracellular delivery and antifungal potency of amphotericin B via PEG15HS-lipid nanoparticles.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune Modulation and Evasion byACS omega · 2026Review
- Article
- New approaches for cryptococcosis treatment and prevention-a systematic review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Cryptococcal Infection Across Disease Stages: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Tissue Niches, and Translational Priorities.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Diagnostic Challenge in Pulmonary Cryptococcosis Among Immunocompetent Patients: The 'False-Negative' Serum Cryptococcal Antigen.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Investigating the therapeutic potential of the antibacterial drug nitroxoline in combating cryptococcal infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Antifungal efficacy of a novel type of nanosalt against human fungal pathogens and its antifungal mechanisms.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Based on a radiomics-clinical nomogram to predict the therapeutic effect of pulmonary cryptococcosis pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Fluconazole-induced liver injury in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis: a comprehensive study integrating clinical cohort analysis, network toxicology, molecular docking, and transcriptomics.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Acetylation and accessibility ofCell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis of the cryptococcal lung granuloma reveals macrophage boundary programs and sphingolipid remodeling.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Therapeutic potential and synergistic effects of antifungal and off target drugs against clinical isolates of Cryptococcus laurentii.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Lacticaseibacillus Paracasei Regulates Vaginal Microecology and Inhibits Hyphae Formation for Candida Vaginitis Therapy.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- The dove of peace is not peaceful : the ghost of aortic arch pseudoaneurysm.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Review
138 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cryptococcus spp., in particular Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, have an enormous impact on human health worldwide. The global burden of cryptococcal meningitis is almost a quarter of a million cases and 181,000 deaths annually, with mortality rates of 100% if infections remain untreated. Despite these alarming statistics, treatment options for cryptococcosis remain limited, with only three major classes of drugs approved for clinical use. Exacerbating the public health burden is the fact that the only new class of antifungal drugs developed in decades, the echinocandins, displays negligible antifungal activity against Cryptococcus spp., and the efficacy of the remaining therapeutics is hampered by host toxicity and pathogen resistance. Here, we describe the current arsenal of antifungal agents and the treatment strategies employed to manage cryptococcal disease. We further elaborate on the recent advances in our understanding of the intrinsic and adaptive resistance mechanisms that are utilized by Cryptococcus spp. to evade therapeutic treatments. Finally, we review potential therapeutic strategies, including combination therapy, the targeting of virulence traits, impairing stress response pathways and modulating host immunity, to effectively treat infections caused by Cryptococcus spp. Overall, understanding of the mechanisms that regulate anti-cryptococcal drug resistance, coupled with advances in genomics technologies and high-throughput screening methodologies, will catalyse innovation and accelerate antifungal drug discovery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.