ArticlePloS one2021
Association between cotinine-verified smoking status and moderately increased albuminuria in the middle-aged and older population in Korea: A nationwide population-based study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking amplifies the risk of albuminuria in individuals with high sodium intake: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2011 and 2014-2018.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2025Article
- Hydroxycotinine exhibits a stronger association with chronic kidney disease in smokers when compared to cotinine: Evidence from NHANES 2013-2018.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Urine cotinine versus self-reported smoking and the risk of chronic kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Article
- Sex disparities in the association between serum cotinine and chronic kidney disease.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Association between elevated serum transaminase and moderately increased albuminuria: a cross-sectional study in western Tokushima, Japan.BMC nephrology · 2023Article
- Early Diagnosis of Kidney Damage Associated with Tobacco Use: Preventive Application.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAlthough several self-reported questionnaire-based studies have found an association between smoking and moderately increased albuminuria, this result remains controversial. We investigated whether moderately increased albuminuria was associated with smoking status, verified by urinary cotinine (an objective biomarker of tobacco exposure), using population-based, nationally representative data.
methodsThis study included 2059 participants aged ≥ 50 years from the 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Individuals with a urinary cotinine level ≥ 50 ng/mL were identified as cotinine-verified smokers. Moderately increased albuminuria was defined as a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ranging between ≥ 30 mg/g and < 300 mg/g. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between cotinine-verified smoking status and moderately increased albuminuria.
resultsAmong the study participants, 16.9% were cotinine-verified smokers, 84.8% of whom were men. After adjustment for multiple covariates, cotinine-verified smokers showed a significant positive association with moderately increased albuminuria (adjusted odds ratio: 4.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.63-11.71) compared with cotinine-verified non-smokers. The association between urinary cotinine and moderately increased albuminuria did not differ with age, sex, obesity, or comorbidities (P-value for interaction > 0.05 in all cases).
conclusionThis large-scale observational study showed that cotinine-verified smoking is associated with moderately increased albuminuria in the Korean middle-aged and older general population, suggesting that smoking must be strictly controlled to reduce the risk of moderately increased albuminuria.
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