ReviewViruses2021
Human Cytomegalovirus and Autoimmune Diseases: Where Are We?
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in non-oncological diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Human Cytomegalovirus Genetic Diversity, Clinical Relevance, and Emerging Insights.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- The Long Shadow of Early HCMV-HIV Coinfection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Immune Consequences.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cytomegalovirus-induced severe enterocolitis associated with ANCA-associated vasculitis and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in a child: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- New-onset autoimmune disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccination in Norway: A retrospective cohort study.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Serological and Molecular Prevalence of HCMV, HCV, HBV andCurrent HIV research · 2026Article
- Article
- Host-virus resilience networks and viral inflammaging circuits in aging and long COVID: a CMV-centered perspective.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The immunomodulatory role of human cytomegalovirus in cancer in the era of checkpoint immunotherapy.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Distinct circulating autoantibodies are associated with COVID-19 hospitalization and SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- Latent Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Activates the STING Pathway but p-IRF3 Translocation Is Limited.Viruses · 2025Article
- Characteristics and Clinical Implications of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Patients with Drug-Resistant Ulcerative Colitis Undergoing Colectomy-Data from a Tertiary Referral Center in Poland.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- An atypical multiple autoimmune syndrome: A case report including myocarditis.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- The Characteristics and Risk Factors of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Dermatomyositis.Indian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Hyperacute reactivation of cytomegalovirus-induced gastroduodenitis during remission induction in a young male patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report and review of literature.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Review
- Cytomegalovirus Genetic Diversity and Evolution: Insights into Genotypes and Their Role in Viral Pathogenesis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Fatal Acute Intestinal Obstruction with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Multiple Organ Failure in Adult-Onset Still's Disease: A Rare Case Report.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Article
- KAP1 in antiviral immunity: dual roles in viral silencing and immune regulation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the β-subgroup of the herpesvirus family. After the initial infection, the virus establishes latency in poorly differentiated myeloid precursors from where it can reactivate at later times to cause recurrences. In immunocompetent subjects, primary HCMV infection is usually asymptomatic, while in immunocompromised patients, HCMV infection can lead to severe, life-threatening diseases, whose clinical severity parallels the degree of immunosuppression. The existence of a strict interplay between HCMV and the immune system has led many to hypothesize that HCMV could also be involved in autoimmune diseases (ADs). Indeed, signs of active viral infection were later found in a variety of different ADs, such as rheumatological, neurological, enteric disorders, and metabolic diseases. In addition, HCMV infection has been frequently linked to increased production of autoantibodies, which play a driving role in AD progression, as observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Documented mechanisms of HCMV-associated autoimmunity include molecular mimicry, inflammation, and nonspecific B-cell activation. In this review, we summarize the available literature on the various ADs arising from or exacerbating upon HCMV infection, focusing on the potential role of HCMV-mediated immune activation at disease onset.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.