ReviewThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2021
DPP4 Activity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Atherosclerosis.
Review in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of DPP-4 Inhibitors on Interleukin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Neurovascular Actions of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Their Implications for Cognitive Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Exploring Active Ingredients and Mechanisms ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- CD8Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Intersecting Molecular Pathways in Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: Emerging Roles of Inflammation and Therapeutics.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Review
- Establishing an atherosclerosis diagnostic model based on WGCNA and machine learning algorithms with key genes in cholesterol metabolism and ferroptosis, and revealing the regulatory role of HMOX1 in cellular ferroptosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Hepatokines and polycystic ovary syndrome: investigating the connection between the hepato-ovarian axis and disorders in glycolipid metabolism in PCOS: a narrative review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- The predictive value of combined assessment of estimated glucose disposal rate and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio for cardiovascular disease risk: a nationwide cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Prognostic impacts of lipoxin A4 in relation to diabetes and insulin resistance in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a prospective study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Article
- Association of urinary dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity with clinical outcomes in people with chronic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Metabolic reprogramming of peritoneal mesothelial cells in peritoneal dialysis-associated fibrosis: therapeutic targets and strategies.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Integrative Genetic Analysis of DPP4-Related Variants Reveals Risk Patterns for Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Comorbidities.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Association of non-insulin-dependent insulin resistance indices with lower limb artery restenosis after drug-coated balloon angioplasty.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Identification of Central Genes and Regulatory Pathways Associated with Hyperlipidemia in Rats.Biochemical genetics · 2024Article
- The association between triglyceride-glucose index combined with obesity indicators and stroke risk: A longitudinal study based on CHARLS data.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- Article
- Biomarkers That Seem to Have the Greatest Impact on Promoting the Formation of Atherosclerotic Plaque in Current Scientific Research.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- The effect of prognostic nutritional index on diabetic patients with myocardial infarction.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Effects of Vildagliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, on the Parameters of Glucose Metabolism and the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextObesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with chronic hyperinsulinemia, elevated plasma levels of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), and a pro-atherosclerotic milieu. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: PubMed search of the term "insulin and atherosclerosis," "hyperinsulinemia," "atherosclerosis," or "cardiovascular outcomes" cross-referenced with "DPP4." Relevant research and review articles were reviewed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Hyperinsulinemia in the setting of insulin resistance promotes vascular inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell growth, pathological cholesterol profile, hypertension, and recruitment of immune cells to the endothelium, all contributing to atherosclerosis. DPP4 has pleiotropic functions and its activity is elevated in obese humans. DPP4 mirrors hyperinsulinemia's atherogenic actions in the insulin resistant state, and genetic deletion of DPP4 protects rodents from developing insulin resistance and improves cardiovascular outcomes. DPP4 inhibition in pro-atherosclerotic preclinical models results in reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, improved endothelial function, and decreased atherosclerosis. Increased incretin levels may have contributed to but do not completely account for these benefits. Small clinical studies with DPP4 inhibitors demonstrate reduced carotid intimal thickening, improved endothelial function, and reduced arterial stiffness. To date, this has not been translated to cardiovascular risk reduction for individuals with type 2 diabetes with prior or exaggerated risk of cardiovascular disease.
conclusionDPP4 may represent a key link between central obesity, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. The gaps in knowledge in DPP4 function and discrepancy in cardiovascular outcomes observed in preclinical and large-scale randomized controlled studies with DPP4 inhibitors warrant additional research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.