ReviewBiomedicines2021
Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of Atherosclerosis.
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control and lipid metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Association of Vitamin D Genetic Risk Score with Noncommunicable Diseases: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Association between vitamin D deficiency and vasovagal syncope: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical cardiology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of vitamin D, omega-3 and a simple strength exercise programme in cardiovascular disease prevention: The DO-HEALTH randomized controlled trial.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Trial
- Effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic parameters, serum irisin and obesity values in women with subclinical hypothyroidism: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Nitric-Oxide-Inducing Factors on Vitamin D Changes in Older People Susceptible to Suffer from Sarcopenia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Vitamin D Status and Atherogenic Lipid Profiles, Including Lipoprotein(a), in Elite Athletes.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Impact of exercise and vitamin D on cardiac tissue morphology and pathological changes in rats: role of endostatin regulation in VEGF and lipid profile improvement.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Association between serum vitamin D levels and atherogenic lipid subfractions: insights from NMR-based lipid profiling in a large adult population.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Vitamin D Status and Health Indicators in the Malagasy Population: A Pilot Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Nutritional Paradox of Obesity: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Micronutrient Deficiencies.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Vitamin D status in relation to lower extremity arterial plaque and diabetic foot ulcers in type 2 diabetes.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- An 8-Week Triple-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating High-Dose Vitamin D3 and Flaxseed Oil for Inflammation and Metabolic Health in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Clinical Management.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Article
- Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, nutritional status, and inflammatory markers in sepsis patients with and without sarcopenia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Baseline vitamin D status is associated with glycemic and weight loss outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with semaglutide.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Inflammatory immune mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of psoriasis and atherosclerosis: clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Vitamin D status, metabolic determinants, and association with MASLD: retrospective health-screening cohort mediation analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vitamin D, a crucial hormone in the homeostasis and metabolism of calcium bone, has lately been found to produce effects on other physiological and pathological processes genomically and non-genomically, including the cardiovascular system. While lower baseline vitamin D levels have been correlated with atherogenic blood lipid profiles, 25(OH)D supplementation influences the levels of serum lipids in that it lowers the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and increases the levels of HDL-cholesterol, all of which are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D is also involved in the development of atherosclerosis at the site of the blood vessels. Deficiency of this vitamin has been found to increase adhesion molecules or endothelial activation and, at the same time, supplementation is linked to the lowering presence of adhesion surrogates. Vitamin D can also influence the vascular tone by increasing endothelial nitric oxide production, as seen in supplementation studies. Deficiency can lead, at the same time, to oxidative stress and an increase in inflammation as well as the expression of particular immune cells that play a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis in the intima of the blood vessels, i.e., monocytes and macrophages. Vitamin D is also involved in atherogenesis through inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency is consistently associated with cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, STEMI, NSTEMI, unstable angina, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and increased mortality after acute stroke. Conversely, vitamin D supplementation does not seem to produce beneficial effects in cohorts with intermediate baseline vitamin D levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.