ArticleThe Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology2021
Association of Mast Cell Burden and TIM-3 Expression with Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.
Article in The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- TIM-3 in AML: a janus-faced orchestrator of immune exhaustion and leukemic self-renewal.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Uncovering the immune-related PCD genes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps inflammatory progression: a machine learning and functional validation study.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Recurrence of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps After Surgery: Risk Factors, Predictive Models, and Treatment Approaches with a Focus on Western and Asian Differences.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Mast Cells in Allergic and Non-Allergic Upper Airways Diseases: Sentinel in the Watchtower.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Update on the Biological and Clinical Relevance of Mast Cells in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Chronic Rhinosinusitis,Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Nasal Cytology: A Easy Diagnostic Tool in Precision Medicine for Inflammation in Epithelial Barrier Damage in the Nose. A Perspective Mini Review.Frontiers in allergy · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesPrevious work showed that higher polyp mast cell load correlated with worse postoperative endoscopic appearance in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Polyp epithelial mast cells showed increased expression of T-cell/transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein 3 (TIM-3), a receptor that promotes mast cell activation and cytokine production. In this study, CRSwNP patients were followed post-operatively to investigate whether mast cell burden or TIM-3 expression among mast cells can predict recalcitrant disease.
methodsNasal polyp specimens were obtained via functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and separated into epithelial and stromal layers via enzymatic digestion. Mast cells and TIM-3-expressing mast cells were identified via flow cytometry. Mann-Whitney
resultsTwenty-three patients with CRSwNP were studied and followed for 6 months after undergoing FESS. Higher mast cell levels were associated with earlier recurrence of polypoid edema: epithelial HR = 1.283 (
conclusionsMast cell load in polyp epithelium and stroma may predict a more refractory postoperative course for CRSwNP patients. The role of TIM-3 in the chronic inflammatory state seen in CRSwNP remains unclear.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.