ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2021
Cumulative employment intensity and complexity across the life course and cognitive function in later life among European women and men.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The social environment and cognitive aging over the life course: laying out critical concepts and research gaps.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Mid-life employment trajectories and subsequent memory function and rate of decline in rural South Africa, 2000-22.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Time to workforce exit after a Parkinson's disease diagnosis.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- Gendered life courses and cognitive functioning in later life: the role of context-specific gender norms and lifetime employment.European journal of ageing · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeRelatively little is known about how working-age life course cumulative exposure to employment intensity and job complexity informs older-age cognitive function. We investigate these associations, separately for men and women, and net of known confounders.
methodsUsing retrospective lifetime employment histories of Europeans born 1923-1959 (2004-2009, N = 22 266), we calculate cumulative working-age exposure to nonemployment, full-time and part-time employment, and a professional occupation. In gender-stratified linear regression models, these indicators predict cognitive function score based on the DemTect scale and Mini Mental State Exam.
resultsNonemployment ≥25% of the working life course was associated with poorer cognitive function for men by -0.43 points (95% CI = -0.79, -0.06) on a 19-point scale. Women's full-time employment, even if <25% of the working lifetime, was associated with a cognitive advantage over never-employment by 0.60 points (95% CI = 0.17, 1.02). Compared to predominantly nonprofessionally employed men, those working professionally for ≥75% of the life course had better cognition by 0.38 points (95% CI = 0.16, 0.60).
conclusionsThis paper provides novel evidence that older-age cognitive functioning is associated with cumulative exposure to both employment intensity and complexity, but that these relationships vary by sex.
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Registered trials
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