ArticleCurrent epidemiology reports2020
Target validity: Bringing treatment of external validity in line with internal validity.
Article in Current epidemiology reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- ABCD-ReproNim: An educational program for responsible and reproducible analyses of ABCD data.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- A causal inference framework for poststratification: a method for improving external validity in epidemiological studies.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Article
- When, why and how are estimated effects transported between populations? A scoping review of studies applying transportability methods.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Adverse Events during a 12-Month Multisite Dose-Response Aerobic Exercise Intervention.Exercise, sport & movement · 2025Article
- Four targets: an enhanced framework for guiding causal inference from observational data.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Standardizing to specific target populations in distributed networks and multisite pharmacoepidemiologic studies.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Development and evaluation of objective trial performance metrics for multisite clinical studies: Experience from the AlcHep Network.Contemporary clinical trials · 2024Article
- How Generalizable Are Findings from a Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study? Extending Estimates from the Adult Changes in Thought Study to Its Source Population.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Early surgery versus conservative treatment in patients with traumatic intracerebral hematoma: a CENTER-TBI study.Acta neurochirurgica · 2023Article
- Causal feature selection using a knowledge graph combining structured knowledge from the biomedical literature and ontologies: A use case studying depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2023Article
- Cardiotoxicity among socioeconomically marginalized breast cancer patients.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2022Article
- Article
- Applicability of evidence from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews to clinical practice: A conceptual review.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2021Article
- Generalizability of cognitive results from clinical trial participants to an older adult population: Addressing external validity.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of review"Target bias" is the difference between an estimate of association from a study sample and the causal effect in the target population of interest. It is the sum of internal and external bias. Given the extensive literature on internal validity, here, we review threats and methods to improve external validity. RECENT
findingsExternal bias may arise when the distribution of modifiers of the effect of treatment differs between the study sample and the target population. Methods including those based on modeling the outcome, modeling sample membership, and doubly robust methods are available, assuming data on the target population is available. SUMMARY: The relevance of information for making policy decisions is dependent on both the actions that were studied and the sample in which they were evaluated. Combining methods for addressing internal and external validity can improve the policy relevance of study results.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.