ArticleMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)2021
Diagnostic and prognostic impact of cytokeratin 18 expression in human tumors: a tissue microarray study on 11,952 tumors.
Article in Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-quantity capture of heterogeneous circulating tumor cellsMaterials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Integrating Molecular and Imaging Insights: Ryanodine Receptor 2 (RyR2) Expression, CK18 Status, and Conventional MRI Findings in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Establishment and Optimization of a Human Flow-Based Hollow FiberPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Keratin 1 and keratin 18 as immunohistochemical markers for distinguishing pulmonary metastases of oral squamous cell carcinoma from primary lung squamous cell carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enumeration and machine-learning based diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer detection.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- CK8/18 and Claudin Profile of Female Breast Cancers from Botswana.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2026Article
- [N-cadherin as a novel diagnostic marker : Differentiation of primary liver tumours from metastases of an extrahepatic primary tumour].Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of CK8/18 and CK19 Expression as Adjunct Immunohistochemical Markers in Non-Keratinizing Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Head and neck tumor organoid grown under simplified media conditions model tumor biology and chemoradiation responses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Refining Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis Models for Spatiotemporal Dynamic Research and Personalized Therapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Bi-level graph learning unveils prognosis-relevant tumor microenvironment patterns in breast multiplexed digital pathology.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Modulation of cytokeratin and cytokine/chemokine expression following influenza virus infection of differentiated human tonsillar epithelial cells.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Screening of functional genes affecting the quality of translucent eggshell membranes based on RNA-seq analysis and DIA proteomics.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Cytokeratin expression in breast cancer: from mechanisms, progression, diagnosis, and prognosis to therapeutic implications.Molecular & cellular oncology · 2025Review
- Exploring NUP62's role in cancer progression, tumor immunity, and treatment response: insights from multi-omics analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Associations ofFrontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Review
- The GPR30 Receptor Is Involved in IL-6-Induced Metastatic Properties of MCF-7 Luminal Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCytokeratin 18 (CK18) is an intermediate filament protein of the cytokeratin acidic type I group and is primarily expressed in single-layered or "simple" epithelial tissues and carcinomas of different origin.
methodsTo systematically determine CK18 expression in normal and cancerous tissues, 11,952 tumor samples from 115 different tumor types and subtypes (including carcinomas, mesenchymal and biphasic tumors) as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format.
resultsCK18 was expressed in normal epithelial cells of most organs but absent in normal squamous epithelium. At least an occasional weak CK18 positivity was seen in 90 of 115 (78.3%) tumor types. Wide-spread CK18 positivity was seen in 37 (31.9%) of tumor entities, including adenocarcinomas of the lung, prostate, colon and pancreas as well as ovarian cancer. Tumor categories with variable CK18 immunostaining included cancer types arising from CK18 positive precursor cells but show CK18 downregulation in a fraction of cases, tumor types arising from CK18 negative precursor cells occasionally exhibiting CK18 neo-expression, tumors derived from normal tissues with variable CK18 expression, and tumors with a mixed differentiation. CK18 downregulation was for example seen in renal cell cancers and breast cancers, whereas CK18 neo-expression was found in squamous cell carcinomas of various origins. Down-regulation of CK18 in invasive breast carcinomas of no special type and clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) was related to adverse tumor features in both tumors (p ≤ 0.0001) and poor patient prognosis in ccRCC (p = 0.0088). Up-regulation of CK18 in squamous cell carcinomas was linked to high grade and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). In summary, CK18 is consistently expressed in various epithelial cancers, especially adenocarcinomas.
conclusionsDown-regulation or loss of CK18 expression in cancers arising from CK18 positive tissues as well as CK18 neo-expression in cancers originating from CK18 negative tissues is linked to cancer progression and may reflect tumor dedifferentiation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.