Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33589300›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2021

The Context of Sunburn Among U.S. Adults: Common Activities and Sun Protection Behaviors.

Dawn M Holman, Kathleen R Ragan, Anne K Julian, Frank M Perna

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Prevalence and Context of Sunburn Among U.S. Adults - United States, 2024.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2026
    Article
  3. "It just happens": A qualitative analysis of unintentional tanning behaviors.Journal of American college health : J of ACH · 2026
    Article
  4. Molecular effects of indoor tanning.Science advances · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Incidental sun exposures as a source of sunburn among rural compared to urban residents in the United States.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2023
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Epidemiology of Melanoma.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Review
  13. Cutaneous Oncology: Strategies for Melanoma Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center
    Review
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Dawn M HolmanDivision of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Electronic address: dholman@cdc.gov.
Kathleen R RaganDivision of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Anne K JulianDivision of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
Frank M PernaDivision of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USNational Cancer Institute · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSunburn increases skin cancer risk and is common among U.S. adults. However, little is known about the contexts in which sunburns often occur. The purpose of this study is to examine the contextual factors surrounding sunburns among U.S. adults.

methodsCross-sectional data from a 2018 online panel survey were analyzed. A total of 4,088 panel members were recruited by mail using probability-based, random sampling by address. Respondents were asked about their most recent sunburn, and analyses were limited to those who remembered their most recent sunburn (N=3,106). Data were weighted to match the U.S. Current Population Survey proportions; analyses were conducted in 2018 and 2019.

resultsParticipants' age ranged from 18 to 93 years. About half (50.8%) were women, and most (82.3%) were non-Hispanic White adults. Swimming or spending time in water (32.5%), working outside at home (26.2%), traveling/vacationing (20.7%), and engaging in nonswimming physical activity (14.2%) were the most frequently reported activities. Using sunscreen on the face, neck, and chest (38.8%) and on the body (19.9%) and wearing sunglasses (34.2%) were the most frequently reported sun safety behaviors. Wearing clothes to the ankles (6.6%) and a long-sleeved shirt (4.5%) were least frequently reported.

conclusionsThis study provides new information about the contexts in which adult sunburns often occur, especially about contexts unrelated to intentional tanning, which was relatively infrequent. The results suggest the need to promote multiple forms of sun protection tailored to specific outdoor activities and develop innovative solutions for outdoor physical and aquatic activities, which present unique sun safety challenges.

Indexed as

Skin NeoplasmsSunbathingSunburnAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth BehaviorHumansMaleMiddle AgedSunscreening AgentsYoung AdultSunscreening Agents

Identifiers

PMID33589300
PMCPMC8068601
OpenAlexW3133484500

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.