Evidence mapPaperPMID 33593689Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes and its complications2021

Glucagon use by U.S. adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Peter A Kahn, Shuling Liu, Rozalina McCoy, Robert A Gabbay, Kasia Lipska

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Systematic Literature Review and Indirect Treatment Comparison of Three Ready-to-Use Glucagon Treatments for Severe Hypoglycemia.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023
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  14. Severe Hypoglycemia and the Use of Glucagon Rescue Agents: An Observational Survey in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Peter A KahnDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
Shuling LiuCenter for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
Rozalina McCoyDivision of Community Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Division of Health Care Policy & Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; OptumLabs, Cambridge, MA.
Robert A GabbayHarvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States of America.
Kasia LipskaCenter for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America. Electronic address: Kasia.lipska@yale.edu.
Yale New Haven Hospital · USHarvard University · USMayo Clinic in Arizona · USYale University · US

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001863 · YALE UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$9.9M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NIA NIH HHS K23 AG048359NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK114497
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The American Diabetes Association recommends that all patients at risk for hypoglycemia be prescribed glucagon. Despite this recommendation, there is evidence that prescription rates are lower than expected for patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This study investigated prescription patterns for glucagon among de-identified administrative claims from OptumLabs® Data Warehouse for prescriptions between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014 among pharmacologically treated type 1 and 2 diabetes patients. We find that glucagon was rarely filled by patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, including fewer than 5% of patients with prior hypoglycemia requiring emergency healthcare utilization. Among patients with type 1 diabetes, glucagon fills were unpredictable and not targeted to highest risk patients.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2HypoglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsAdultGlucagonHumansRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesGlucagonHypoglycemic AgentsAdverse drug eventsGlucagonHypoglycemiaType 1 diabetesType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID33593689
PMCPMC8054027
OpenAlexW3128015534

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.