ArticleAfrican journal of disability2021
Altered cervical posture kinematics imposed by heavy school backpack loading: A literature synopsis (2009-2019).
Article in African journal of disability, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- An exploratory, in-field, multimodal assessment of cervical function in adults following to high-altitude trekking with light backpack.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Craniocervical posture in patients with skeletal malocclusion and its correlation with craniofacial morphology during different growth periods.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Acute Effects of Schoolbag Loading on Posture and Gait Mechanics in 10- to 13-Year-Old Children: A Cohort from the North West Province.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHabitual school backpack carriage causes neuro-musculoskeletal vertebral, shoulder and hand pain; deviated posture compromised cardiopulmonary function and proprioception.
objectivePresent a novel literature summary of the influence of backpack carriage associated with deviated cervical posture and compromised pulmonary function.
methodAn electronic literature appraisal adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews, using Google Scholar, Science Direct, EMBASE, AMED, OVID, PubMed and Sabinet search engines, was instituted during 2009-2019. Key search words: schoolbag, backpack, carriage, cervical posture and children. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Downs and Black Appraisal Scale.
results583 records were initially identified which was reduced to 14 experimental and observational studies. A total of 1061 participants were included across the 14 studies, with an average age of 11.5 ± 1.3 years, body mass of 37.8 ± 6.6 kilograms (kg), height of 1.41 ± 0.05 meters (m), backpack mass of 5.2 ± 0.9 kg and percentage backpack mass to child's body mass of 13.75%. The studies mean rating according to the Downs and Black Appraisal Scale was 76.3%. The average craniovertebral angle (CVA) was 53.9° ± 14.6° whilst standing without carrying a backpack was reduced to 50.4° ± 16.4° when loaded (
conclusionBackpack carriage alters cervical posture, resulting in smaller CVA and compromised pulmonary function. There is no consensus of the precise backpack mass that initiates postural changes. Girls' posture begin changes when carrying lighter backpacks as compared to boys of the same age strata.
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