ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2021
Association of Incomplete Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy With Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Virologically Suppressed Persons With HIV: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Digital Health Interventions for Improving Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes in People With HIV: Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Better Longitudinal Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Virally Suppressed People With HIV Is Associated With Reduced Occurrence of Serious Non-AIDS Events.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Gender and Intersecting Barriers and Facilitators to Access the HIV Cascade of Care in Manitoba, Canada, Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Time Trends in Causes of Death in People With HIV: Insights From the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Factors associated with incomplete adherence to integrase strand transfer inhibitor-containing single-tablet regimen among Japanese people living with HIV.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2024Article
- Low Level Viremia Is Associated With Serious non-AIDS Events in People With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Mortality After Acute Coronary Syndrome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection with Optimal Adherence: A Nationwide Study.Infection & chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Aging-Related Comorbidity Burden Among Women and Men With or At-Risk for HIV in the US, 2008-2019.JAMA network open · 2023Observational
- Beyond Undetectable: Modeling the Clinical Benefit of Improved Antiretroviral Adherence in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With Virologic Suppression.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Transient Viral Rebound in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV-1 Induces a Unique Soluble Immunometabolic Signature Associated with Decreased CD4/CD8 Ratio.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2023Article
- Cumulative Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Viremia Is Associated With Increased Risk of Multimorbidity Among US Women With HIV, 1997-2019.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Persons with HIV with Viral Load:Adherence Mismatch Who Are at Risk of Future Viremia.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- Self-awareness as the key to successful adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in Indonesia: A grounded theory study.Belitung nursing journal · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Characteristics of HIV-Associated Stroke in a Tertiary Hospital Setting in South Africa.Neurology · 2022Article
- Response to Commentary: Long-term Changes of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Individuals on Suppressive Three-Drug or Two-Drug Antiretroviral Regimens.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Beyond HIV viral load: application of pharmacologic measures to identify ART adherence mismatch.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIncomplete antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, even if sufficient to maintain viral suppression, is associated with enhanced inflammation in persons with HIV (PWH). However, its clinical implications remain unknown.
methodsPWH enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) who initiated ART between 2003 and 2018 and had viral suppression (<50 copies/mL) for ≥6 months were evaluated. The association between incomplete self-reported ART adherence (≥1 or ≥2 missed doses in the last month) and (1) any CVD event (myocardial infarction, revascularization, cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, and/or death due to CVD event) or (2) non-CVD-related death was evaluated using adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.
resultsA total of 6971 PWH (74% male) were included in the analysis (median age [interquartile range {IQR}], 39 [32-47] years). The median (IQR) follow-up was 8 (4-11) years, with 14 (8-23) adherence questionnaires collected per participant. In total, 205 (3%) participants experienced a CVD event, and 186 (3%) died a non-CVD-related death. In an adjusted competing risk model where missing data were imputed, missing ≥1 ART dose showed an increased, but not statistically significant, risk for CVD events (hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95% CI, 0.85-1.79;
conclusionsIncomplete ART adherence was significantly associated with an increased risk for non-CVD-related mortality in PWH with virologic suppression. This highlights the potential role of nonadherence to ART as a driver of non-AIDS clinical outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.