ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Immune Checkpoints: Novel Therapeutic Targets to Attenuate Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- A bibliometric and visual analysis of research trends and hotspots in sepsis-related immunosuppression (2005-2025).Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Development of an Explainable Machine Learning Model to Predict Mortality Risk in Sepsis Patients: Insights From a Real-World Clinical Data.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- TIM-3, a potential target for sepsis therapy.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2026Review
- Fecal microbiota transplantation reduces susceptibility to post-antibiotic CLP-induced sepsis by modulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle-associated PD-L1 induces CD4Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Prognostic utility of the lactate-to-albumin ratio for predicting 28-day all-cause mortality in critically ill cases with acute sepsis: A retrospective study on the basis of MIMIC-IV critical care database.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- Development of a prognostic model for sepsis based on gut microbiota-associated genes and identification of potential targets.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The Role and Research Progress of CD8Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Rethinking post-sepsis syndrome: linking cellular dysfunction to the clinical picture.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
- SREBF1 mediates immunoparalysis of dendritic cells in sepsis by regulating lipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum stress.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immunosenescence in Sepsis: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Accuracy of blood heparin-binding protein (HBP) for diagnosis bacteremia in patients with sepsis.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Bacterial hitchhiking with drug-loaded nanoparticles as a drug delivery strategy for cancer immunotherapy.npj biomedical innovations · 2025Article
- Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Mendelian Randomization RevealsJournal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory therapy for sepsis: from pathophysiological mechanisms to precision treatment.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- The relationship between immune cell infiltration and necroptosis gene expression in sepsis: an analysis using single-cell transcriptomic data.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: mechanisms, biomarkers and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- CD121b-positive neutrophils predict immunosuppression in septic shock.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Reassessing sepsis research: new clues for old players and new players for an old symptom to improve patient outcomes.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death in intensive care units and survivors develop prolonged immunosuppression and a high incidence of recurrent infections. No definitive therapy exists to treat sepsis and physicians rely on supportive care including antibiotics, intravenous fluids, and vasopressors. With the rising incidence of antibiotic resistant microbes, it is becoming increasingly critical to discover novel therapeutics. Sepsis-induced leukocyte dysfunction and immunosuppression is recognized as an important contributor towards increased morbidity and mortality. Pre-clinical and clinical studies show that specific cell surface inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors and ligands including PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, BTLA, TIM3, OX40, and 2B4 play important roles in the pathophysiology of sepsis by mediating a fine balance between host immune competency and immunosuppression. Pre-clinical studies targeting the inhibitory effects of these immune checkpoints have demonstrated reversal of leukocyte dysfunction and improved host resistance of infection. Measurement of immune checkpoint expression on peripheral blood leukocytes may serve as a means of stratifying patients to direct individualized therapy. This review focuses on advances in our understanding of the role of immune checkpoints in the host response to infections, and the potential clinical application of therapeutics targeting the inhibitory immune checkpoint pathways for the management of septic patients.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.