Evidence mapPaperPMID 33616801Full record

SynthesisReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2021

Diabetes is most important cause for mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Giovanni Corona, Alessandro Pizzocaro, Walter Vena, Giulia Rastrelli, Federico Semeraro, Andrea M Isidori, Rosario Pivonello, Andrea Salonia, Alessandra Sforza, Mario Maggi

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
126citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
13.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

126 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 233 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  13. In Search of Environmental Factors Associated With Global Differences in Birth Weight and BMI.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025
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  19. COVID-19 vaccines and blood glucose control: Friend or foe?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024
    Review
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66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Giovanni CoronaEndocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Azienda Usl Bologna Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli, 2 - 40133, Bologna, Italy. jocorona@libero.it.
Alessandro PizzocaroUnit of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology, IRCSS, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Walter VenaUnit of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology, IRCSS, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Giulia RastrelliFemale Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Federico SemeraroDepartment of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and EMS, Maggiore Hospital Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Andrea M IsidoriDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Rosario PivonelloDipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Sezione Di Endocrinologia, Unità Di Andrologia E Medicina Della Riproduzione E Della SessualitàMaschile E Femminile, Università Federico II Di Napoli, Naples, Italy.
Andrea SaloniaDivision of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Alessandra SforzaEndocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Azienda Usl Bologna Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli, 2 - 40133, Bologna, Italy.
Mario MaggiEndocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Azienda USL di Bologna · ITIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital · ITUniversity of Florence · ITFederico II University Hospital · ITOspedale Maggiore Carlo Alberto Pizzardi · ITPoliclinico Umberto I · ITVita-Salute San Raffaele University · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The presence of SARS-CoV-2 was officially documented in Europe at the end of February 2020. Despite many observations, the real impact of COVID-19 in the European Union (EU), its underlying factors and their contribution to mortality and morbidity outcomes were never systematically investigated. The aim of the present work is to provide an overview and a meta-analysis of main predictors and of country differences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-associated mortality rate (MR) in hospitalized patients. Out of 3714 retrieved articles, 87 studies were considered, including 35,486 patients (mean age 60.9 ± 8.2 years) and 5867 deaths. After adjustment for confounders, diabetes mellitus was the best predictors of MR in an age- and sex-dependent manner, followed by chronic pulmonary obstructive diseases and malignancies. In both the US and Europe, MR was higher than that reported in Asia (25[20;29] % and 20[17;23] % vs. 13[10;17]%; both p < 0.02). Among clinical parameters, dyspnea, fatigue and myalgia, along with respiratory rate, emerged as the best predictors of MR. Finally, reduced lymphocyte and platelet count, along with increased D-dimer levels, all significantly contributed to increased mortality. The optimization of glucose profile along with an adequate thrombotic complications preventive strategy must become routine practice in diseased SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

Indexed as

AgedAsiaComorbidityCOVID-19Diabetes MellitusEuropeFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsUnited StatesCOVID-19Diabetes mellitushospitalizationmalemortalitySARS-CoV-2testosterone

Identifiers

PMID33616801
PMCPMC7899074
OpenAlexW3131034574

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.