ArticleBMC geriatrics2021
The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alcohol consumption and ambulatory blood pressure-lowering effect in male patients on clinic blood pressure-guided antihypertensive treatment.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Trial
- Frequency of adding salt to foods, metabolic signature, and the risk of extracoronary atherosclerotic vascular disease progression.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Associations of the Trajectories of Dietary Pattern and Hypertension: Results from the CHNS Cohort.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- High-Salt Diets, Intestinal Barrier, and Hypertension: A Mechanistic Review and the Promise of Dietary Therapy.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Adding salt to foods increases the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Association of serum levels and intakes of sodium and potassium with hypertension in the MASHAD cohort study population: a cross-sectional study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Association between cMIND diet and hypertension among older adults in China: a nationwide survey.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Article
- Nutritional Assessment of Protein and Sodium Contents in Commercial Senior-Friendly Foods.Clinical nutrition research · 2024Article
- Hypertension in China: epidemiology and treatment initiatives.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2023Review
- Urinary Sodium Excretion Enhances the Effect of Alcohol on Blood Pressure.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in seniors: a cohort study in China.BMC geriatrics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHypertension is a worldwide public health problem. We sought to examine the interactive associations among sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among older adult residents of Inner Mongolia in northern China.
methodsThis cross-sectional study used data from the National Survey for Nutrition and Adult Chronic Disease in Inner Mongolia. The prevalence of hypertension was age standardized by the direct method. Sodium intake and alcohol consumption were estimated using a weighing method and 24-h recalls on 3 consecutive days. Hypertension was either self-reported or field-measured. Participants were categorized into six subgroups according to combinations of sodium intake status and drinking level. Logistic regression was used to determine the interactive effect of sodium intake and drinking on hypertension.
resultsOf the 820 older adults who participated in this study, 523 (63.80%, age-standardized rate = 62.33%) had been diagnosed with hypertension. The mean sodium intake was 4.88 g. Sodium intake and drinking excessively were both independently related to higher risk of hypertension. A formal test for a multiplicative interaction between sodium intake and drinking revealed a significant interaction (p = 0.042), and the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for the interaction was 1.1 (1.0-1.3). After adjusting for confounders, compared with moderate sodium intake and no drinking group, the risk of hypertension was highest among those with both excessive sodium intake and excessive alcohol consumption, with an odds ratio of 3.6 (95% CI: 1.7-7.9).
conclusionsThe study highlights the interactive effect of sodium intake and alcohol consumption on hypertension. Primary health care providers should pay special attention to older adults with hypertension-especially those with an unhealthy diet including both excessive sodium and excessive alcohol intake. These findings are applicable for older adults in Inner Mongolia and worldwide.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.