ArticleHaematologica2021
Dual cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of HTLV-1-encoded HBZ protein is a unique feature of adult T-cell leukemia.
Article in Haematologica, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- HTLV-1 HBZ inhibits DHX9 to reprogram circRNA biogenesis in ATLL.Tumour virus research · 2026Article
- Review
- JunB-HBZ nuclear translocation by TGF-β is a key driver in HTLV-1-mediated leukemogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- HTLV-I Basic Leucine Zipper Factor (sHBZ) Actively Associates with Nucleophosmin (B23) in the Nucleolus.Viruses · 2025Article
- Viral oncogenesis in cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- YTHDF1 and YTHDC1 mJournal of virology · 2025Article
- Review
- The advances of DEAD-box RNA helicase 17 in chronic non-infectious diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Oncogenesis between Active Expression and Latency: A Possible Source for the Development of Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of Innate Immune Sensing of HTLV-1 and Viral Immune Evasion.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Hijacking Host Immunity by the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type-1: Implications for Therapeutic and Preventive Vaccines.Viruses · 2022Review
- Regulation of HTLV-1 transformation.Bioscience reports · 2022Review
- The endogenous HBZ interactome in ATL leukemic cells reveals an unprecedented complexity of host interacting partners involved in RNA splicing.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Interplay between innate immunity and the viral oncoproteins Tax and HBZ in the pathogenesis and therapeutic response of HTLV-1 associated adult T cell leukemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Reflections on Some of the Exceptional Features of HTLV-1 and HTLV-1 Research: A Perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The Road to HTLV-1-Induced Leukemia by Following the Subcellular Localization of HTLV-1-Encoded HBZ Protein.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Is it NICE (nuclear import as a carcinogenic mechanism) to restrict HBZ in the cytoplasm?Haematologica · 2021Article
- HTLV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis: New Insights from Cellular and Animal Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), is a highly malignant T-cell neoplasm caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), characterized by a poor prognosis. Two viral proteins, Tax-1 and HBZ play important roles in the pathogenesis of ATL. While Tax-1 can be found in both cytoplasm and nucleus of HTLV-1 infected patients, HBZ is exclusively localized in the cytoplasm of HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers and patients with chronic neurologic disease HAM/TSP, and only in the nucleus of ATL cell lines, suggesting that the nuclear localization of HBZ can be a hallmark of neoplastic transformation. To clarify this crucial point, here we investigated in detail the pattern of HBZ expression in ATL patients. We made use of our monoclonal antibody 4D4-F3, that at present is a uniquely reported reagent, among the few described, able to detect endogenous HBZ by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy in cells from asymptomatic carriers, HAM/TSP and ATL patients. We found that HBZ localizes both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of cells of ATL patients irrespective of their clinical status, with a strong preference for the cytoplasmic localization. Also Tax-1 localized in both compartments. As HBZ is exclusively localized in the cytoplasm in asymptomatic carriers and in non-neoplastic pathologies, this finding shows that neoplastic transformation consequent to HTLV-1 infection is accompanied and associated with the capacity of HBZ to translocate to the nucleus, which suggests a role of cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation in HTLV-1-mediated oncogenesis.
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