ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2021
SARS-CoV-2 respiratory co-infections: Incidence of viral and bacterial co-pathogens.
Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review with meta-analysis of active herpesvirus infections in patients with COVID-19: Old players on the new field.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Does dengue and COVID-19 co-infection have worse outcomes? A systematic review of current evidence.Reviews in medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Worldwide prevalence of microbial agents' coinfection among COVID-19 patients: A comprehensive updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Pooled it
- Viral Coinfection among COVID-19 Patient Groups: An Update Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.BioMed research international · 2021Pooled it
- Increase in Healthcare-Associated Infections: Is COVID-19 Responsible? A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Viral co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized Peruvian patients during 2020-2021.Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 lineages and naso-oropharyngeal bacterial communities in COVID-19 reinfection: A study in West Java, Indonesia.Narra J · 2025Article
- Development and clinical validation of a novel multiplex PCR test for detection of respiratory pathogens via fluorescence melting curve analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Regulation of airway fumarate by host and pathogen promotes Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Regulation of airway fumarate by host and pathogen promotesbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Epidemiology, Clinical Significance, and Diagnosis of Respiratory Viruses and Their Co-Infections in the Post-COVID Era.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Coinfections and superinfections in critically ill COVID-19 patients in Ecuador: a cross-sectional study of bacterial and viral pathogens.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Analysis of co-infection in severe and critical patients with influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia using metagenomic next-generation sequencing on bronchoalveolar lavage samples.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Respiratory Pathogen Coinfection During Intersecting COVID-19 and Influenza Epidemics.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Bacterial and Viral Co-Infections in COVID-19 Patients: Etiology and Clinical Impact.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Co-Infection of SARS-CoV-2 andDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Respiratory Viral Coinfections: Insights into Epidemiology, Immune Response, Pathology, and Clinical Outcomes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae Outbreak in 2023: Post-pandemic Resurgence of an Atypical Bacterial Pathogen.Cureus · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in an unprecedented challenge to our healthcare system. Secondary and concurrent bacterial and viral co-infections are well documented for other viral respiratory pathogens; however knowledge regarding co-infections in COVID-19 remains limited. In the present study, concurrent testing of 50 419 individual samples for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and other bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens was performed between March and August 2020. Overall, a lower rate of viral co-infection was observed in the SARS-CoV-2-positive population when compared to the population testing negative for the virus. Significant levels of Staphylococcus aureus and Epstein-Barr virus co-infections were detected in the SARS-CoV-2-positive population. This is one of the largest surveys looking into the co-infection patterns of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States. Data from this study will enhance our understanding of the current pandemic and will assist clinicians in making better patient care decisions, especially with respect to antimicrobial therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.