ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
The Trinity of cGAS, TLR9, and ALRs Guardians of the Cellular Galaxy Against Host-Derived Self-DNA.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating Cell-Free DNA Levels in Psychiatric Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Mesothelioma: Drivers of Inflammation and Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Microbial Signals in Cancer: Dissecting Host-Microbiota-Tumor Interactions and Potential Therapeutic Strategy.MedComm · 2026Review
- Eosinophil Extracellular Traps in Health and Disease: From Host Defense to Chronic Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Epigenetic Regulation of the NET Formation-Blood-Brain Barrier Axis in Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets and Translational Perspectives.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Tumor-derived circulating DNA can induce senescence and SASP activation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.Biogerontology · 2026Article
- Lifelong cGAS deficiency leads to altered lipid storage and cholesterol homeostasis.Biological research · 2026Article
- Cell type-specific interactions induce tonic interferon production in endothelial cells in a pathogen-independent manner.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps and microglia/macrophages interactions in stroke: from thromboinflammation to immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting the cGAS-STING Pathway in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Modulating Tumor-associated Inflammation for Therapeutic Effect.Current drug targets · 2026Review
- Toll-like receptor 9 in retinal pigment epithelial cells: Expression, function and the role of TGF-β1.Molecular vision · 2026Article
- [Correlation analysis of cell-free DNA in gingival crevicular fluid with periodontal clinical indicators and cyclic guanosine phosphate-adenosine phosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2025Article
- Immuno-metabolic diseases and therapeutics: molecular mechanisms via inflammasome signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Cell-free DNA in extracellular vesicles: A candidate biomarker of schizophrenia.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Pattern recognition receptors: function, regulation and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Parkinson's disease: exploring the systemic immune mechanisms through molecular investigations.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- cGAS-STING: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Review
- Roles of Immunity and Endogenous Retroelements in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Treatment Strategies.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Review
- Implication of Immunobiological Function of Melanocytes in Dermatology.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Bidirectional regulation of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon gene pathway and its impact on hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system has evolved to protect the host from the pathogens and allergens surrounding their environment. The immune system develops in such a way to recognize self and non-self and develops self-tolerance against self-proteins, nucleic acids, and other larger molecules. However, the broken immunological self-tolerance leads to the development of autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are expressed by immunological cells on their cell membrane and in the cytosol. Different Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Nod-like receptors (NLRs) and absent in melanoma-2 (AIM-2)-like receptors (ALRs) forming inflammasomes in the cytosol, RIG (retinoic acid-inducible gene)-1-like receptors (RLRs), and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are some of the PRRs. The DNA-sensing receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is another PRR present in the cytosol and the nucleus. The present review describes the role of ALRs (AIM2), TLR9, and cGAS in recognizing the host cell DNA as a potent damage/danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), which moves out to the cytosol from its housing organelles (nucleus and mitochondria). The introduction opens with the concept that the immune system has evolved to recognize pathogens, the idea of
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.