ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Induced Transient Immune Tolerance in Ticks and Vertebrate Host: A Keystone of Tick-Borne Diseases?
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and Application of a Multiplex qPCR Rapid Detection System for Syndromic Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogen Coinfections.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and predilection-site distribution of tick infestation in communal cattle systems of Limpopo Province, South Africa.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Interaction between tick and host microbiotas: a four-step waltz.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Tick lipocalin triggers mammalian IGFBP-3-mediated apoptosis in macrophages and keratinocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Bacterial Communities Harboured by Amblyomma Hebraeum Infesting Small Stock in Mahikeng city, South Africa.Microbial ecology · 2025Article
- Ticks' tricks: immunomodulatory effects of ixodid tick saliva at the cutaneous tick-host interface.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Editorial: Skin - confluence of vertebrate host defences, arthropod vectors, and vector-borne pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- GW4869 inhibitor affects vector competence and tick-borne flavivirus acquisition and transmission by blocking exosome secretion.iScience · 2024Article
- Changes in saliva protein profile throughout Rhipicephalus microplus blood feeding.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Article
- Cross-alteration of murine skin and tick microbiome concomitant with pathogen transmission after Ixodes ricinus bite.Microbiome · 2023Article
- Tick extracellular vesicles in host skin immunity and pathogen transmission.Trends in parasitology · 2023Review
- Skin microbiota secretomes modulate cutaneous innate immunity against Borrelia burgdorferi s.s.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The tick saliva peptide HIDfsin2 promotes the tick-borne virus SFTSV replication in vitro by enhancing p38 signal pathway.Archives of toxicology · 2023Article
- New insights into the impact of microbiome on horizontal and vertical transmission of a tick-borne pathogen.Microbiome · 2023Article
- Skin infectome of patients with a tick bite history.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Borrelia burgdorferi-mediated induction of miR146a-5p fine tunes the inflammatory response in human dermal fibroblasts.PloS one · 2023Article
- Transmission Cycle of Tick-Borne Infections and Co-Infections, Animal Models and Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Tick feeding modulates the human skin immune landscape to facilitate tick-borne pathogen transmission.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Alterations in arthropod and neuronal exosomes reduce virus transmission and replication in recipient cells.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ticks and tick transmitted infectious agents are increasing global public health threats due to increasing abundance, expanding geographic ranges of vectors and pathogens, and emerging tick-borne infectious agents. Greater understanding of tick, host, and pathogen interactions will contribute to development of novel tick control and disease prevention strategies. Tick-borne pathogens adapt in multiple ways to very different tick and vertebrate host environments and defenses. Ticks effectively pharmacomodulate by its saliva host innate and adaptive immune defenses. In this review, we examine the idea that successful synergy between tick and tick-borne pathogen results in host immune tolerance that facilitates successful tick infection and feeding, creates a favorable site for pathogen introduction, modulates cutaneous and systemic immune defenses to establish infection, and contributes to successful long-term infection. Tick, host, and pathogen elements examined here include interaction of tick innate immunity and microbiome with tick-borne pathogens; tick modulation of host cutaneous defenses prior to pathogen transmission; how tick and pathogen target vertebrate host defenses that lead to different modes of interaction and host infection status (reservoir, incompetent, resistant, clinically ill); tick saliva bioactive molecules as important factors in determining those pathogens for which the tick is a competent vector; and, the need for translational studies to advance this field of study. Gaps in our understanding of these relationships are identified, that if successfully addressed, can advance the development of strategies to successfully disrupt both tick feeding and pathogen transmission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.