ArticleNature communications2021
Complete biosynthesis of a sulfated chondroitin in Escherichia coli.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- "One Health" perspective on prevalence of co-existing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2023Pooled it
- Chemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Sulfated DK4 Derivatives fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Engineering Chondroitinase-Free Baculovirus-Insect Cell Expression System for Efficient Synthesis of Chondroitin Sulphates.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Transfer of the synechan biosynthesis and regulatory pathway enables sulfated polysaccharide production in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the antifungal efficacy of microbial chondroitin sulfate against candida species in an experimental rat model of vulvovaginal candidiasis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Advances in Zosteric Acid: Antifouling Properties and Green Biosynthesis Toward Food Safety Applications.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- EstablishingBiodesign research · 2026Article
- From Native Glycosaminoglycans to Mimetics: Design, Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applications.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Microbial production of chondroitin sulfate and its derivatives.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Article
- Structural and mechanism-based engineering of sulfotransferase CHST15 for the efficient synthesis of chondroitin sulfate E.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Structure and Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of Sulfated Capsular Polysaccharide from the Marine BacteriumInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Biocatalytic sulfation of aromatic and aliphatic alcohols catalyzed by arylsulfate sulfotransferases.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Genetic and functional diversity of β-N-acetylgalactosamine-targeting glycosidases expanded by deep-sea metagenome analysis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Reprogramming Metabolic Flux in Escherichia Coli to Enhance Chondroitin Production.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Editorial: Heparan sulfate-binding proteins in health and disease.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- Improvement of the stability and catalytic efficiency of heparan sulfate N-sulfotransferase for preparing N-sulfated heparosan.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Article
- Heterologous production of chondroitin.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Review
- Article
- Evaluation of unsulfated biotechnological chondroitin in a knee osteoarthritis mouse model as a potential novel functional ingredient in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Microbiological-Chemical Sourced Chondroitin Sulfates Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against Oxidative Stress and Are Suitable for Hydrogel-Based Controlled Release.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of important biologics that are currently manufactured by extraction from animal tissues. Although such methods are unsustainable and prone to contamination, animal-free production methods have not emerged as competitive alternatives due to complexities in scale-up, requirement for multiple stages and cost of co-factors and purification. Here, we demonstrate the development of single microbial cell factories capable of complete, one-step biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate (CS), a type of GAG. We engineer E. coli to produce all three required components for CS production-chondroitin, sulfate donor and sulfotransferase. In this way, we achieve intracellular CS production of ~27 μg/g dry-cell-weight with about 96% of the disaccharides sulfated. We further explore four different factors that can affect the sulfation levels of this microbial product. Overall, this is a demonstration of simple, one-step microbial production of a sulfated GAG and marks an important step in the animal-free production of these molecules.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.