Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33657407›Full record

ArticleCurrent biology : CB2021

A novel family of secreted insect proteins linked to plant gall development.

Aishwarya Korgaonkar, Clair Han, Andrew L Lemire, Igor Siwanowicz, Djawed Bennouna, Rachel E Kopec, Peter Andolfatto, Shuji Shigenobu, David L Stern

Erratum issuedOpen access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current biology : CB, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
20.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Rapidly evolving aphid gall effector proteins exhibit saposin-like folds.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Rapidly evolving aphid gall effector proteins exhibit saposin-like folds.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Aishwarya KorgaonkarJanelia Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
Clair HanJanelia Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
Andrew L LemireJanelia Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
Igor SiwanowiczJanelia Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
Djawed BennounaHuman Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 262G Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Rachel E KopecHuman Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 262G Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Ohio State University's Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, 262G Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Peter AndolfattoDepartment of Biology, Columbia University, 600 Fairchild Center, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Shuji ShigenobuLaboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Center for the Development of New Model Organism, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; NIBB Research Core Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
David L SternJanelia Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. Electronic address: sternd@hhmi.org.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute · USThe Ohio State University · USColumbia University · USNational Institute for Basic Biology · JP

Funding

Translational Therapeutics Research Program (TT)P30CA016058 · NCI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Jennifer A. Woyach · 1985 to 2026
$132.3M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNCI NIH HHS P30 CA016058
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In an elaborate form of inter-species exploitation, many insects hijack plant development to induce novel plant organs called galls that provide the insect with a source of nutrition and a temporary home. Galls result from dramatic reprogramming of plant cell biology driven by insect molecules, but the roles of specific insect molecules in gall development have not yet been determined. Here, we study the aphid Hormaphis cornu, which makes distinctive "cone" galls on leaves of witch hazel Hamamelis virginiana. We found that derived genetic variants in the aphid gene determinant of gall color (dgc) are associated with strong downregulation of dgc transcription in aphid salivary glands, upregulation in galls of seven genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis, and deposition of two red anthocyanins in galls. We hypothesize that aphids inject DGC protein into galls and that this results in differential expression of a small number of plant genes. dgc is a member of a large, diverse family of novel predicted secreted proteins characterized by a pair of widely spaced cysteine-tyrosine-cysteine (CYC) residues, which we named BICYCLE proteins. bicycle genes are most strongly expressed in the salivary glands specifically of galling aphid generations, suggesting that they may regulate many aspects of gall development. bicycle genes have experienced unusually frequent diversifying selection, consistent with their potential role controlling gall development in a molecular arms race between aphids and their host plants.

Indexed as

Host-Parasite InteractionsAnimalsAnthocyaninsAphidsFemaleHamamelisInsect ProteinsMalePlant LeavesPlant TumorsAnthocyaninsInsect Proteinsanthocyaninsaphidbicycle geneseffector genesHamamelishigh-performance liquid chromatographyHormaphismass spectrometrynovel genesplant gall

Identifiers

PMID33657407
PMCPMC8119383
OpenAlexW3134159164

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.