ArticleBMC genomics2021
Borrelia burgdorferi infection modifies protein content in saliva of Ixodes scapularis nymphs.
Article in BMC genomics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glycolytic reprogramming in host response toExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- A lipid-binding protein in black-legged tick saliva selectively recognizesbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Chromosome-Scale Atlas ofGenes · 2026Article
- From forest floor to doctor's office: the immunological journey ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- IxsS7: A novel biomarker for Ixodes scapularis tick bite exposure in humans.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2025Article
- Multi-Omics Technologies Applied to Improve Tick Research.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Ticks' tricks: immunomodulatory effects of ixodid tick saliva at the cutaneous tick-host interface.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- RecombinantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A tick saliva serpin, IxsS17 inhibits host innate immune system proteases and enhances host colonization by Lyme disease agent.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Changes in saliva protein profile throughout Rhipicephalus microplus blood feeding.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- A metalloprotease secreted by an environmentally acquired gut bacterium hindersFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Studying the Human Microbiota: Advances in Understanding the Fundamentals, Origin, and Evolution of Biological Timekeeping.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- A simple non-invasive method to collect soft tick saliva reveals differences inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Identification and characterization of proteins that form the inner core Ixodes scapularis tick attachment cement layer.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- What do we know about the microbiome ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- The environment, the tick, and the pathogen - It is an ensemble.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Redox Imbalance and Its Metabolic Consequences in Tick-Borne Diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- A transwell assay method to evaluate Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto migratory chemoattraction toward tick saliva proteins.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLyme disease (LD) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi is the most prevalent tick-borne disease. There is evidence that vaccines based on tick proteins that promote tick transmission of B. burgdorferi could prevent LD. As Ixodes scapularis nymph tick bites are responsible for most LD cases, this study sought to identify nymph tick saliva proteins associated with B. burgdorferi transmission using LC-MS/MS. Tick saliva was collected using a non-invasive method of stimulating ticks (uninfected and infected: unfed, and every 12 h during feeding through 72 h, and fully-fed) to salivate into 2% pilocarpine-PBS for protein identification using LC-MS/MS.
resultsWe identified a combined 747 tick saliva proteins of uninfected and B. burgdorferi infected ticks that were classified into 25 functional categories: housekeeping-like (48%), unknown function (18%), protease inhibitors (9%), immune-related (6%), proteases (8%), extracellular matrix (7%), and small categories that account for <5% each. Notably, B. burgdorferi infected ticks secreted high number of saliva proteins (n=645) than uninfected ticks (n=376). Counter-intuitively, antimicrobial peptides, which function to block bacterial infection at tick feeding site were suppressed 23-85 folds in B. burgdorferi infected ticks. Similar to glycolysis enzymes being enhanced in mammalian cells exposed to B. burgdorferi : eight of the 10-glycolysis pathway enzymes were secreted at high abundance by B. burgdorferi infected ticks. Of significance, rabbits exposed to B. burgdorferi infected ticks acquired potent immunity that caused 40-60% mortality of B. burgdorferi infected ticks during the second infestation compared to 15-28% for the uninfected. This might be explained by ELISA data that show that high expression levels of immunogenic proteins in B. burgdorferi infected ticks.
conclusionData here suggest that B. burgdorferi infection modified protein content in tick saliva to promote its survival at the tick feeding site. For instance, enzymes; copper/zinc superoxide dismutase that led to production of H
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