Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33664319›Full record

SynthesisScientific reports2021

The association between gestational diabetes and ASD and ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jennifer Rowland, Claire A Wilson

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
70citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
12.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

70 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Health Outcomes: an Umbrella review of Meta-Analyses.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
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  7. Pooled it
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  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Maternal glycaemia and child educational attainment at age 5 in the Born in Bradford cohort.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026
    Article
  14. Observational
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Child Autism Spectrum Disorder Following Maternal Abuse and Trauma History.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Jennifer Rowland *Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
Claire A Wilson *Section of Women's Mental Health, King's College London, PO31 King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK. claire.1.wilson@kcl.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-2169-5115
King's College London · GBUniversity of Sheffield · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/P019293/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is growing evidence for a role of maternal diabetes in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the specific association between gestational diabetes (GDM), as opposed to pre-gestational diabetes, has been poorly isolated. Thus the aim was to systematically review and meta-analyse literature pertaining to prevalence and risk for two neurodevelopmental disorders: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), when exposed to GDM. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were systematically searched for eligible literature, with forward and backward citation tracking. Screening for eligibility, risk of bias assessment and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. 18 studies measuring ASD and 15 measuring ADHD met inclusion criteria. On meta-analysis there was an increased risk of ASD (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.22, 1.65) but not ADHD (OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.79, 1.28). We discuss potential mechanisms for these differing risks. Greater understanding of risk factors, including GDM, for these neurodevelopmental disorders and potential mechanisms may help inform strategies aimed at prevention of exposure to these adversities during pregnancy.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAutism Spectrum DisorderChildChild, PreschoolDiabetes ComplicationsDiabetes, GestationalFemaleHumansMalePregnancyRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID33664319
PMCPMC7933135
OpenAlexW3129713767

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.