ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2021
How Do Inflammatory Mediators, Immune Response and Air Pollution Contribute to COVID-19 Disease Severity? A Lesson to Learn.
Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) With COVID-19 Infection and Mortality in Low-and Middle-income Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of air pollution on COVID-19 severity: a systematic review of underlying biological mechanisms.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Consideration of Cardiovascular Morbidities in the Relationship between Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Individual-Level Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Current epidemiology reports · 2025Article
- Murine Pro-Inflammatory Responses to Acute and Sustained Intermittent Hypoxia: Implications for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research.The Laryngoscope · 2024Article
- The concentrations of essential/toxic elements in serum of COVID-19 patients are not directly related to the severity of the disease.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2023Article
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Particulate Matter Exposure: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Epigenetics at the Intersection of COVID-19 Risk and Environmental Chemical Exposures.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- COVID-19 vulnerabilities are intensified by declining human serum albumin levels.Experimental physiology · 2022Review
- Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and COVID-19 Mortality: A Patient-Level Analysis from New York City.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Correlation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells with C-reactive protein, ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase levels in patients with severe COVID-19.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2022Article
- Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for coronavirus disease 2019: which? when? and how much?Cytotherapy · 2021Review
- The Role of Alveolar Edema in COVID-19.Cells · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammatory and immune processes are defensive mechanisms that aim to remove harmful agents. As a response to infections, inflammation and immune response contribute to the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), whose underlying mechanisms remain not fully elucidated, has posed new challenges for the knowledge of pathophysiology. Chiefly, the inflammatory process and immune response appear to be unique features of COVID-19 that result in developing a hyper-inflammatory syndrome, and air pollution, the world's largest health risk factor, may partly explain the behaviour and fate of COVID-19. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the progression of COVID-19 is of fundamental importance in order to avoid the late stage of the disease, associated with a poor prognosis. Here, the role of the inflammatory and immune mediators in COVID-19 pathophysiology is discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.