ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Propolis, Bee Honey, and Their Components Protect against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review of In Silico, In Vitro, and Clinical Studies.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Flavonoids for Treating Viral Acute Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 30 Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Propolis Supplementation on Gut Microbiota and Uremic Toxin Profiles of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.Toxins · 2024Trial
- Potential Effects of Bee Products Against Hantavirus Infection: Potential Mechanisms of Action and Future Directions.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial activity of brown propolis ethanolic extract and its application in intramammary formulation for the treatment of bovine mastitis.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Naringin Mitigates PEDV-Induced Intestinal Damage in Suckling Piglets by Modulating Inflammatory, Antiviral, and Metabolic and Transport Pathways.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Exploring the potential of hydro alcoholic crude extract of beeswax as antibacterial antifungal antiviral antiinflammatory and antioxidant agent.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antiviral and anti-inflammatory efficacy of nanoencapsulated brazilian green propolis against SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Propolis Stands out as a Multifaceted Natural Product: Meta-Analysis on Its Sources, Bioactivities, Applications, and Future Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Nature's Remedies: Exploring the Potential of Propolis to Alleviate Non-Motor Manifestations of Parkinson's Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Antioxidant Nutraceuticals: Their Adjunct Role in the Management of COVID-19 Infections and Post-COVID Syndrome.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Comparison of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride paste and a propolis-containing herbal toothpaste in dentinal hypersensitivity: A randomized trial.Dental research journal · 2025Article
- Is Propolis a Potential Anti-Obesogenic Agent for Obesity?Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Hive Products: Composition, Pharmacological Properties, and Therapeutic Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Biobran/MGN-3, an Arabinoxylan Rice Bran, Exerts Anti-COVID-19 Effects and Boosts Immunity in Human Subjects.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Regulatory mechanism and therapeutic potentials of naringin against inflammatory disorders.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Potential Beneficial Effects of Naringin and Naringenin on Long COVID-A Review of the Literature.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- A natural product YSK-A blocks SARS-CoV-2 propagation by targeting multiple host genes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The potential role of plant secondary metabolites on antifungal and immunomodulatory effect.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Dietary supplements used by otolaryngology patients in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey.European journal of integrative medicine · 2023Article
- Strategies for the Management of Spike Protein-Related Pathology.Microorganisms · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the virulence and high fatality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), no specific antiviral treatment exists until the current moment. Natural agents with immune-promoting potentials such as bee products are being explored as possible treatments. Bee honey and propolis are rich in bioactive compounds that express strong antimicrobial, bactericidal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. This review examined the literature for the anti-COVID-19 effects of bee honey and propolis, with the aim of optimizing the use of these handy products as prophylactic or adjuvant treatments for people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Molecular simulations show that flavonoids in propolis and honey (e.g., rutin, naringin, caffeic acid phenyl ester, luteolin, and artepillin C) may inhibit viral spike fusion in host cells, viral-host interactions that trigger the cytokine storm, and viral replication. Similar to the potent antiviral drug remdesivir, rutin, propolis ethanolic extract, and propolis liposomes inhibited non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.