ReviewNutrients2021
Macronutrient Sensing in the Oral Cavity and Gastrointestinal Tract: Alimentary Tastes.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Macronutrient mixtures and interactions in health and disease.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- The Sodium Priority Hypothesis: A Conceptual Taste-Nutrition Framework Linking Salt Taste, Umami and Food Acceptance.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Characterization and Comparison of Dietary Taste Patterns in Five Countries With Differing Obesity Prevalence.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Postoral receptors and alimentary taste: implications for energy intake and appetite.Chemical senses · 2025Review
- Temporal patterns in taste sensitivity.Nutrition reviews · 2024Review
- Glutamate-Sodium Discrimination Status in Adults Is Associated with Salt Recognition Threshold and Habitual Intake of Discretionary Food and Meat: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Review
- Targeting the Gut in Obesity: Signals from the Inner Surface.Metabolites · 2022Review
- Assessment of the triangle test methodology for determining umami discrimination status.Chemical senses · 2022Article
- The tongue map and the spatial modulation of taste perception.Current research in food science · 2022Review
- Carbohydrate Taste Is Associated with Food Intake and Body Mass in Healthy Australian Adults.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Appetite and Satiety Control-Contribution of Gut Mechanisms.Nutrients · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There are numerous and diverse factors enabling the overconsumption of foods, with the sense of taste being one of these factors. There are four well established basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter; all with perceptual independence, salience, and hedonic responses to encourage or discourage consumption. More recently, additional tastes have been added to the basic taste list including umami and fat, but they lack the perceptual independence and salience of the basics. There is also emerging evidence of taste responses to kokumi and carbohydrate. One interesting aspect is the link with the new and emerging tastes to macronutrients, with each macronutrient having two distinct perceptual qualities that, perhaps in combination, provide a holistic perception for each macronutrient: fat has fat taste and mouthfeel; protein has umami and kokumi; carbohydrate has sweet and carbohydrate tastes. These new tastes can be sensed in the oral cavity, but they have more influence post- than pre-ingestion. Umami, fat, kokumi, and carbohydrate tastes have been suggested as an independent category named alimentary. This narrative review will present and discuss evidence for macronutrient sensing throughout the alimentary canal and evidence of how each of the alimentary tastes may influence the consumption of foods.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.