ReviewNutrients2021
Nutritional Components in Western Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet at the Gut Microbiota-Immune System Interplay. Implications for Health and Disease.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 274 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
274 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 388 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer-Is It Worth Investigating More? An Updated Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Cancer medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Alterations of short-chain fatty acids in depression and effects of probiotics/prebiotics interventions on levels and clinical symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of obesity interventions on male fertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human reproduction update · 2026Pooled it
- Influence of Carbohydrate Intake During Pregnancy in the Offspring's Dietary Pattern and Food Preferences: A Systematic Review.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of Mediterranean diet interventions on children and adolescents affected by overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Gut microbiota and breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The gut microbiota of Indigenous populations in the context of dietary westernization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing the long-term effects of microbial therapeutics as treatment within psychiatry: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Mediterranean Diet and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Association between the Maternal Mediterranean Diet and Perinatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Gender and sex differences in adherence to a Mediterranean diet and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Mediterranean Diet-Based Interventions to Improve Anthropometric and Obesity Indicators in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Mediterranean Diet and Sarcopenia Features in Apparently Healthy Adults over 65 Years: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on abdominal symptoms and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Effect of the Consumption of Lean Red Meat from Beef (Pirenaica Breed) Versus Lean White Meat (Chicken) on the Gut Microbiota: A Randomized Cross-Over Study in Healthy Young Adults.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Trial
214 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The most prevalent diseases of our time, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer) are rising worldwide. All of them share the condition of an "inflammatory disorder", with impaired immune functions frequently caused or accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota. These multifactorial maladies also have in common malnutrition related to physiopathology. In this context, diet is the greatest modulator of immune system-microbiota crosstalk, and much interest, and new challenges, are arising in the area of precision nutrition as a way towards treatment and prevention. It is a fact that the westernized diet (WD) is partly responsible for the increased prevalence of NCDs, negatively affecting both gut microbiota and the immune system. Conversely, other nutritional approaches, such as Mediterranean diet (MD), positively influence immune system and gut microbiota, and is proposed not only as a potential tool in the clinical management of different disease conditions, but also for prevention and health promotion globally. Thus, the purpose of this review is to determine the regulatory role of nutritional components of WD and MD in the gut microbiota and immune system interplay, in order to understand, and create awareness of, the influence of diet over both key components.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.