ReviewBiomedicines2021
Energy, Entropy and Quantum Tunneling of Protons and Electrons in Brain Mitochondria: Relation to Mitochondrial Impairment in Aging-Related Human Brain Diseases and Therapeutic Measures.
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Piezo2-Initiated Ultrafast Signaling and Its Acquired Channelopathy in Light of Quantum Gravity Theory.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The essential role of hydrogen gas recycling by gut microbes in reducing deuterium load in host mitochondria: is trimethylamine oxide a deuterium sensor?Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Review
- Neurovascular Signaling at the Gliovascular Interface: From Flow Regulation to Cognitive Energy Coupling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Haematococcus pluvialis ameliorates renal fibrosis by restoring mitophagy via PINK1-Parkin-p62-LC3 signaling.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- Heart Rate Variability Alterations During Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness-Inducing Exercise-With Piezo2 Interpretation.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Quantum Paradox in Pharmaceutical Science: Understanding Without Comprehending-A Centennial Reflection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Circadian system coordination: new perspectives beyond classical models.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Singlet Oxygen-Induced Mitochondrial Reset in Cancer: A Novel Approach for Ovarian Cancer Therapy.Metabolites · 2024Article
- New classifications for quantum bioinformatics: Q-bioinformatics, QCt-bioinformatics, QCg-bioinformatics, and QCr-bioinformatics.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Review
- Comment on Albantakis et al. Computing the Integrated Information of a Quantum Mechanism.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Impact of Polyphenols on Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Factors in Diabetes Mellitus: Nutritional Antioxidants and Their Application in Improving Antidiabetic Therapy.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Mitochondrial Interaction with Serotonin in Neurobiology and Its Implication in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2023Review
- Special Issue "Mitochondria and Brain Disease".Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Review
- Brain region-specific disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics in cynomolgus macaques fed a Western versus a Mediterranean diet.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adult human brains consume a disproportionate amount of energy substrates (2-3% of body weight; 20-25% of total glucose and oxygen). Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a universal energy currency in brains and is produced by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) using ATP synthase, a nano-rotor powered by the proton gradient generated from proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in the multi-complex electron transport chain (ETC). ETC catalysis rates are reduced in brains from humans with neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Declines of ETC function in NDDs may result from combinations of nitrative stress (NS)-oxidative stress (OS) damage; mitochondrial and/or nuclear genomic mutations of ETC/OXPHOS genes; epigenetic modifications of ETC/OXPHOS genes; or defects in importation or assembly of ETC/OXPHOS proteins or complexes, respectively; or alterations in mitochondrial dynamics (fusion, fission, mitophagy). Substantial free energy is gained by direct O
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.