ArticleNutrition & metabolism2021
A nonlinear association of total cholesterol with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Article in Nutrition & metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Low-Density-Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Mortality Outcomes Among Healthy Older Adults: A Post Hoc Analysis of ASPREE Trial.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Trial
- Twelve-Week Safety and Potential Lipid Control Efficacy of Coffee Cherry Pulp Juice Concentrate in Healthy Volunteers.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Associations of cumulative exposure and dynamic trajectories of the triglyceride-total cholesterol-body weight index with new-onset cardiometabolic multimorbidity in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: evidence from a nationwide prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Combining Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index with Total Cholesterol to Predict Pneumonia Mortality Risks in a Cohort of General Older Adults.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Dietary cholesterol intake and egg consumption in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality after stroke.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Related Hematologic Markers as Prognostic Tools in Type 2 Diabetes.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Association of Lipid Profile With Cardiovascular Diseases and All-Cause Death: A 2-Decade Follow-Up of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Crosstalk Between Metabolic Biomarkers and Pulse Wave Analysis in Hypertensive Patients.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Development and validation of the systemic nutrition/inflammation index for improving perioperative management of non-small cell lung cancer.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- The Cross-Talk Between the Peripheral and Brain Cholesterol Metabolisms.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Association between hyperuricemia and all-cause mortality in people taken Statins: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The relationship between serum α-Klotho with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Article
- Physiological phenotypes have optimal values relevant to healthy aging: sweet spots deduced from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Association between total cholesterol and total bone mineral density in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2018.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Article
- Efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine on shortening the negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid in patients with mild COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.Science in One Health · 2023Article
- Low testosterone and high cholesterol levels in relation to all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality in White, Black, and Hispanic men: NHANES 1988-2015.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2022Article
- Inverse Association between Statin Use and Cancer Mortality Relates to Cholesterol Level.Cancers · 2022Article
- Statin doses after acute coronary syndrome.Australian prescriber · 2022Article
- Predicting All-Cause Mortality Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: A Novel LASSO-Cox Model Generated From a Prospective Dataset.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe link between total cholesterol (TC) and all-cause and specific mortality has not been elucidated. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TC levels on all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality.
methodsAll data analyzed were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2014. The relationship between levels of TC and mortality was determined through Cox proportional hazard regression analysis coupled with multivariable adjustments. Two-piecewise linear regression models and Cox models with penalized splines were applied to explore nonlinear and irregular shape relationships. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and subgroup analyses were conducted.
resultsThe sample studied comprised 14,662 men and 16,025 women, categorized as 25,429 adults aged 18-65 and 5,258 adults over 65 years old. A total of 2,570 deaths were recorded. All-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality showed U-curve associations after adjusting for confounding variables in the restricted cubic spline analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause and cancer mortality were particularly negatively related to TC levels in the lower range < 200 mg/dL, especially in the range < 120 mg/dL (HR 1.97; 95% CI 1.38, 2.83, HR 2.39; 95% CI 1.21, 4.71, respectively). However, the HRs of cardiovascular disease mortality in the range < 120 mg/dL were the lowest (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.15, 2.42). In the upper range, a TC range of ≥ 280 mg/dL was correlated with mortality as a result of CVD and cancer (HR 1.31; 95% CI 0.87, 1.97 and HR 1.22; 95% CI 0.82, 1.79). The lowest cumulative survival rate of all-cause mortality was recorded in the lowest TC-level group, while the lowest cumulative survival rate of CVD mortality was recorded in the highest TC-level group.
conclusionsA nonlinear association of TC level with all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality in the American population was observed, suggesting that too low or too high serum total cholesterol levels might correlate with adverse outcomes.
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