Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33710263›Full record

Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021

Effects of menopausal hormone therapy on erythrocyte n-3 and n-6 PUFA concentrations in the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial.

William S Harris, Nathan L Tintle, JoAnn E Manson, Adam H Metherel, Jennifer G Robinson

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00685009 (Women's Health Initiative Memory Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00685009 completednot on this map

Women's Health Initiative Memory Study

TypeobservationalSponsorNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)Ran1996 to 2008Enrolled7,525ConditionsDementia SyndromesArmsEstrogen hormone therapy, Estrogen plus progesterone hormone therapy, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

William S HarrisDepartment of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
Nathan L TintleFatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
JoAnn E MansonDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Adam H MetherelDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Jennifer G RobinsonDepartment of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Dordt University · USFatty Acid Research InstituteHarvard University · USUniversity of Iowa · USUniversity of Toronto · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe factors other than dietary intake that determine tissue concentrations of EPA and DHA remain obscure. Prior studies suggested that, in women, endogenous estrogen may accelerate synthesis of DHA from ɑ-linolenic acid (ALA), but the effects of exogenous estrogen on RBC n-3 (ɷ-3) PUFA concentrations are unknown.

objectiveWe tested the hypothesis that menopausal hormone therapy (HT) would increase RBC n-3 PUFA concentrations.

methodsPostmenopausal women (ages 50-79 y) were assigned to HT or placebo in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized trial. The present analyses included a subset of 1170 women (ages 65-79 y) who had RBC PUFA concentrations measured at baseline and at 1 y as participants in the WHI Memory Study. HT included conjugated equine estrogens (E) alone for women without a uterus (n = 560) and E plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (P) for those with an intact uterus (n = 610). RBC n-3 and n-6 (ɷ-6) PUFAs were quantified.

resultsEffects of E alone and E+P on PUFA profiles were similar and were thus combined in the analyses. Relative to the changes in the placebo group after 1 y of HT, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; n-3) concentrations decreased by 10% (95% CI: 7.3%, 12.5%), whereas DHA increased by 11% (95% CI: 7.4%, 13.9%) in the HT group. Like DHA, DPA n-6 increased by 13% from baseline (95% CI: 10.0%, 20.3%), whereas linoleic acid decreased by 2.0% (95% CI: 1.0%, 4.1%; P values at least <0.01 for all). EPA and arachidonic acid concentrations were unchanged.

conclusionsHT increased RBC concentrations of the terminal n-3 and n-6 PUFAs (DHA and DPA n-6). These findings are consistent with an estrogen-induced increase in DHA and DPA n-6 synthesis, which is consistent with an upregulation of fatty acid elongases and/or desaturases in the PUFA synthetic pathway. The clinical implications of these changes require further study. The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00685009. Note that the data presented here were not planned as part of the original trial, and therefore are to be considered exploratory.

Indexed as

MenopauseAgedErythrocytesEstrogensFatty Acids, Omega-3Fatty Acids, Omega-6FemaleHumansProgestinsEstrogensFatty Acids, Omega-3Fatty Acids, Omega-6Progestinsestrogenmenopausal hormone therapyn–3 fatty acidsn–6 fatty acidsOmega-3 Indexprogestinrandomized trials

Identifiers

PMID33710263
PMCPMC8168349
OpenAlexW3133953847

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.