Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33722332›Full record

SynthesisPublic health nutrition2021

Recruiting and retaining young adults: what can we learn from behavioural interventions targeting nutrition, physical activity and/or obesity? A systematic review of the literature.

Megan C Whatnall, Melinda J Hutchesson, Thomas Sharkey, Rebecca L Haslam, Aaron Bezzina, Clare E Collins, Flora Tzelepis, Lee M Ashton

Open access · bronzeAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Feasibility of a co-designed and personalised intervention to improve vegetable intake in rural-dwelling young adults.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025
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  16. The Impact of Financial Incentives on Completion of a No Money No Time 6-Week Culinary Nutrition eHealth Challenge.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025
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  18. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Megan C WhatnallSchool of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan2308, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-4798-4505
Melinda J HutchessonSchool of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan2308, Australia.
Thomas SharkeySchool of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan2308, Australia.
Rebecca L HaslamSchool of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan2308, Australia.
Aaron BezzinaSchool of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan2308, Australia.
Clare E CollinsSchool of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan2308, Australia.
Flora TzelepisSchool of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
Lee M AshtonSchool of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan2308, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-7362-0137
University of Newcastle Australia · AUHunter Medical Research Institute · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo describe strategies used to recruit and retain young adults in nutrition, physical activity and/or obesity intervention studies, and quantify the success and efficiency of these strategies.

designA systematic review was conducted. The search included six electronic databases to identify randomised controlled trials (RCT) published up to 6 December 2019 that evaluated nutrition, physical activity and/or obesity interventions in young adults (17-35 years). Recruitment was considered successful if the pre-determined sample size goal was met. Retention was considered acceptable if ≥80 % retained for ≤6-month follow-up or ≥70 % for >6-month follow-up.

resultsFrom 21 582 manuscripts identified, 107 RCT were included. Universities were the most common recruitment setting used in eighty-four studies (79 %). Less than half (46 %) of the studies provided sufficient information to evaluate whether individual recruitment strategies met sample size goals, with 77 % successfully achieving recruitment targets. Reporting for retention was slightly better with 69 % of studies providing sufficient information to determine whether individual retention strategies achieved adequate retention rates. Of these, 65 % had adequate retention.

conclusionsThis review highlights poor reporting of recruitment and retention information across trials. Findings may not be applicable outside a university setting. Guidance on how to improve reporting practices to optimise recruitment and retention strategies within young adults could assist researchers in improving outcomes.

Indexed as

ExerciseObesityEatingHumansNutritional StatusSample SizeYoung AdultNutritionObesityPhysical activityRecruitmentRetentionSystematic reviewYoung adults

Identifiers

PMID33722332
PMCPMC10195641
OpenAlexW3138863586

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.