ReviewRedox biology2021
COVID-19 enters the expanding network of apolipoprotein E4-related pathologies.
Review in Redox biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- ApoE4 associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes via downregulation of ACE2 and imbalanced RAS pathway.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Genetic polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 disease and severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- ACE2: Friend or Foe in Post-COVID-19 Neurodegeneration?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Multivariable Mendelian randomization study supports the causal effects of circulating metabolites on frailty.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Metabolic health is more strongly associated with the severity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 than obesity.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Contribution of CNS and extra-CNS infections to neurodegeneration: a narrative review.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Cholesterol and COVID-19-therapeutic opportunities at the host/virus interface during cell entry.Life science alliance · 2024Review
- A genomics perspective of personalized prevention and management of obesity.Human genomics · 2024Review
- Genetic variant rs1205 is associated with COVID-19 outcomes: The Strong Heart Study and Strong Heart Family Study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Roles of ApoE4 on the Pathogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease and the Potential Therapeutic Approaches.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Review
- In Vitro Anti-Influenza Virus Activity of Non-PolarPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The COVID-19 pandemic and Alzheimer's disease: mutual risks and mechanisms.Translational neurodegeneration · 2022Review
- The association of APOE genotype with COVID-19 disease severity.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The relationship of early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease genes with COVID-19.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2022Review
- Darling: A Web Application for Detecting Disease-Related Biomedical Entity Associations with Literature Mining.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Editorial: Obesity, metabolic phenotypes and COVID-19.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2022Article
- Bromodomains in Human-Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: A Model of Ferroptosis-Induced Neurodegeneration.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 incidence and case fatality rates (CFR) differ among ethnicities, stimulating efforts to pinpoint genetic factors that could explain these phenomena. In this regard, the multiallelic apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has recently been interrogated in the UK biobank cohort, demonstrating associations of the APOE ε4/ε4 genotype with COVID-19 severity and mortality. The frequency of the ε4 allele and thus the distribution of APOE ε4/ε4 genotype may differ among populations. We have assessed APOE genotypes in 1638 Greek individuals, based on haplotypes derived from SNP rs7412 and rs429358 and found reduced frequency of ε4/ε4 compared to the British cohort. Herein we discuss this finding in relation to CFR and hypothesize on the potential mechanisms linking APOE ε4/ε4 to severe COVID-19. We postulate that the metabolic deregulation ensued by APOE4, manifested by elevated cholesterol and oxidized lipoprotein levels, may be central to heightened pneumocyte susceptibility to infection and to exaggerated lung inflammation associated with the ε4/ε4 genotype. We also discuss putative dietary and pharmacological approaches for the prevention and management of COVID-19 in APOE ε4/ε4 individuals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.