ArticleJournal of diabetes and its complications2021
Does the impact of intensive lifestyle intervention on cognitive function vary depending baseline level of frailty? An ancillary study to the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Trial.
Article in Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between abdominal obesity and cognitive outcomes in middle-aged adults: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Does lifestyle intervention lower clinically significant cognitive impairment risk?Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Trial
- Impact of frailty status on the effect of a multidomain lifestyle intervention on cognition.Age and ageing · 2025Trial
- Identification of Frailty Subtypes in African American Adults With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Latent Class Analysis From the Jackson Heart Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Mental and Physical Readiness for Weight Loss After Abdominal Organ Transplant.The Journal of surgical research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo assess whether there is an opportune window when intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) benefits cognitive function.
methodsStandardized cognitive assessments were collected following ≥8 years of either ILI or a control condition of diabetes support and education (DSE) in 3708 individuals, ages 45-76 years at enrollment, with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. Frailty index (FI) scores were used to group individuals at baseline into tertiles according to their age-related health status. Linear models were used to describe intervention adherence and cognitive function, with interaction terms to examine the consistency of relationships among tertiles.
resultsWorse baseline FI scores were associated with poorer subsequent performance in tests of attention, processing speed, and executive function. No differences in any measure of cognitive function were observed between intervention groups within any FI tertile (all p > 0.10). Among individuals with worse baseline FI scores, weight gain was associated with poorer global cognitive function among participants assigned to DSE. There was no association between weight changes and cognitive function among participants assigned to ILI.
conclusionsAmong adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity, we found no evidence that there is a window of opportunity based on FI when ILI benefits cognitive function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.