Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33753749›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

The origins and genetic interactions of KRAS mutations are allele- and tissue-specific.

Joshua H Cook, Giorgio E M Melloni, Doga C Gulhan, Peter J Park, Kevin M Haigis

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
142citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
22.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

142 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 197 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. KRAS-mediated CCDC6 degradation drives xCT upregulation and ferroptosis evasion.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026
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82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Joshua H Cook *Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9815-6879
Giorgio E M Melloni *Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6371-1334
Doga C GulhanDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Peter J ParkDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. peter_park@hms.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9378-960X
Kevin M HaigisDepartment of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. kevin_haigis@dfci.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1922-4509
Harvard University · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USBroad Institute · US

Funding

A multi-faceted approach to identifying K-Ras synthetic lethal relationshipsU01CA199252 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI ELLEDGE, STEPHEN J, HAIGIS, KEVIN · 2015 to 2019
$4.7M
Tissue-specific genetic interactions in cancerR01CA232372 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI HAIGIS, KEVIN · 2018 to 2022
$2.9M
Cancer Research UK 27144NCI NIH HHS R01 CA232372NCI NIH HHS U01 CA199252
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mutational activation of KRAS promotes the initiation and progression of cancers, especially in the colorectum, pancreas, lung, and blood plasma, with varying prevalence of specific activating missense mutations. Although epidemiological studies connect specific alleles to clinical outcomes, the mechanisms underlying the distinct clinical characteristics of mutant KRAS alleles are unclear. Here, we analyze 13,492 samples from these four tumor types to examine allele- and tissue-specific genetic properties associated with oncogenic KRAS mutations. The prevalence of known mutagenic mechanisms partially explains the observed spectrum of KRAS activating mutations. However, there are substantial differences between the observed and predicted frequencies for many alleles, suggesting that biological selection underlies the tissue-specific frequencies of mutant alleles. Consistent with experimental studies that have identified distinct signaling properties associated with each mutant form of KRAS, our genetic analysis reveals that each KRAS allele is associated with a distinct tissue-specific comutation network. Moreover, we identify tissue-specific genetic dependencies associated with specific mutant KRAS alleles. Overall, this analysis demonstrates that the genetic interactions of oncogenic KRAS mutations are allele- and tissue-specific, underscoring the complexity that drives their clinical consequences.

Indexed as

Gene Regulatory NetworksMutationAllelesGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGene FrequencyHumansNeoplasmsOrgan SpecificityProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)KRAS protein, humanProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)

Identifiers

PMID33753749
PMCPMC7985210
OpenAlexW3138323180

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.