Evidence mapPaperPMID 33762665Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Predictors of glycosylated haemoglobin A1C trend among type 2 diabetes patients in a multi-ethnic country.

Kim Sui Wan, Noran Naqiah Hairi, Feisul Idzwan Mustapha, Khalijah Mohd Yusof, Zainudin Mohd Ali, Foong Ming Moy

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Hypertension in Adults With Diabetes in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025
    Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kim Sui WanCentre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Noran Naqiah HairiCentre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. noran@um.edu.my.
Feisul Idzwan MustaphaDisease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Level 3 Block E10, Kompleks E, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, 62590, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
Khalijah Mohd YusofState Health Department of Johor, Jalan Persiaran Permai, 81200, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Zainudin Mohd AliState Health Department of Negeri Sembilan, Jalan Rasah, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
Foong Ming MoyCentre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Good control of glycosylated haemoglobin A1C in diabetes patients prevents cardiovascular complications. We aim to describe the A1C trend and determine the predictors of the trend among type 2 diabetes patients in Malaysia. Longitudinal data in the National Diabetes Registry from 2013 to 2017 were analysed using linear mixed-effects modelling. Among 17,592 patients, 56.3% were females, 64.9% Malays, and the baseline mean age was 59.1 years. The U-shaped A1C trend changed marginally from 7.89% in 2013 to 8.07% in 2017. The A1C excess of 1.07% as reported in 2017 represented about 22% higher risk of diabetes-related death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, which are potentially preventable. The predictors for higher baseline A1C were non-Chinese ethnicity, younger age groups, longer diabetes duration, patients on insulin treatment, polypharmacy use, patients without hypertension, and patients who were not on antihypertensive agents. Younger age groups predicted a linear increase in the A1C trend, whereas patients on insulin treatment predicted a linear decrease in the A1C trend. Specifically, the younger adults and patients of Indian and Malay ethnicities had the poorest A1C trends. Targeted interventions should be directed at these high-risk groups to improve their A1C control.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinLinear ModelsMalaysiaMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin

Identifiers

PMID33762665
PMCPMC7991644

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.