SynthesisBMC pregnancy and childbirth2021
Health outcomes of smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period: an umbrella review.
Synthesis in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-based behaviour change techniques to aid smoking cessation for pregnant women with mental illness: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Digital Tools on Lifestyle & Health-Related Outcomes Across the Full Continuum of the Maternal Journey: A Systematic Review.Current obesity reports · 2026Pooled it
- Risks to the Unborn: An Umbrella Review on the Effects of Prenatal Maternal Stress Caused by Natural Disasters.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2025Pooled it
- The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and dental development in offspring: a systematic review.Evidence-based dentistry · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Maternal smoking in pregnancy and blood pressure during childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis on Associations of Timing of Maternal Smoking Cessation Before and During Pregnancy With Childhood Overweight and Obesity.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Pooled it
- Polymethylation scores for prenatal maternal smoke exposure persist until age 15 and are detected in saliva in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing cohort.Epigenetics · 2022Pooled it
- Parental smoking, type 1 diabetes, and islet autoantibody positivity in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2022Pooled it
- The environmental risk factors prior to conception associated with placental abruption: an umbrella review.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Methodological approaches for assessing certainty of the evidence in umbrella reviews: A scoping review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Associations between lifestyle and well-being in early and late pregnancy in women with overweight or obesity: Secondary analyses of the PEARS RCT.British journal of health psychology · 2025Trial
- The Effectiveness of Text Support for Stopping Smoking in Pregnancy (MiQuit): Multi-Trial Pooled Analysis Investigating Effect Moderators and Mechanisms of Action.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- Are pre- and early pregnancy lifestyle factors associated with the risk of preterm birth? A secondary cohort analysis of the cluster-randomised GeliS trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Trial
- Factors Associated With Not Smoking and Ceasing Smoking During Pregnancy Among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Healthcare professionals' experiences of supporting pregnant women with mental illness with their smoking behaviors: a qualitative study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Coverage, Timing, Safety, and Determinants of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission in Newborns Receiving Nirsevimab Prophylaxis for Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- The effect of culturally tailored continuity of midwifery care on perinatal outcomes for women having a first Nations baby in Victoria, Australia: a prospective non-randomised translational study.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Prenatal tobacco exposure and adult offspring brain health: the mediating role of leukocyte telomere length in a large population-based cohort.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Smoking cessation intervention for Indigenous pregnant women: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Review
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking during pregnancy (SDP) and the postpartum period has serious health outcomes for the mother and infant. Although some systematic reviews have shown the impact of maternal SDP on particular conditions, a systematic review examining the overall health outcomes has not been published. Hence, this paper aimed to conduct an umbrella review on this issue.
methodsA systematic review of systematic reviews (umbrella review) was conducted according to a protocol submitted to PROSPERO ( CRD42018086350 ). CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CRD Database and HMIC databases were searched to include all studies published in English by 31 December 2017, except those focusing exclusively on low-income countries. Two researchers conducted the study selection and quality assessment independently.
resultsThe review included 64 studies analysing the relationship between maternal SDP and 46 health conditions. The highest increase in risks was found for sudden infant death syndrome, asthma, stillbirth, low birth weight and obesity amongst infants. The impact of SDP was associated with the number of cigarettes consumed. According to the causal link analysis, five mother-related and ten infant-related conditions had a causal link with SDP. In addition, some studies reported protective impacts of SDP on pre-eclampsia, hyperemesis gravidarum and skin defects on infants. The review identified important gaps in the literature regarding the dose-response association, exposure window, postnatal smoking.
conclusionsThe review shows that maternal SDP is not only associated with short-term health conditions (e.g. preterm birth, oral clefts) but also some which can have life-long detrimental impacts (e.g. obesity, intellectual impairment). IMPLICATIONS: This umbrella review provides a comprehensive analysis of the overall health impacts of SDP. The study findings indicate that while estimating health and cost outcomes of SDP, long-term health impacts should be considered as well as short-term effects since studies not including the long-term outcomes would underestimate the magnitude of the issue. Also, interventions for pregnant women who smoke should consider the impact of reducing smoking due to health benefits on mothers and infants, and not solely cessation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.