ArticleJournal of neuroscience methods2021
Methodological and analytical issues of progressive ratio schedules: Definition and scaling of breakpoint.
Article in Journal of neuroscience methods, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Conditioned accumbal dopamine transients forecast individual preference for drug versus natural rewards and compulsive behavior.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Aging reduces motivation through decreased Bdnf expression in the ventral tegmental area.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- FGF21 analogue PF-05231023 on alcohol consumption and neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Delineating anticipatory arousal from reward consumption: evaluating fixed-intervals in cocaine seeking-taking response chains.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Differential Effect of Fixed Ratio Magnitude on the Rate of Lever-Pressing and Interinjection Intervals of Cocaine Self-Administration in Rats.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2023Article
- Increased sucrose consumption in mice gene-targeted forFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
- The progressive ratio and fixed ratio 1 schedules of cocaine self-administration in rats convey the same information.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Differential effects of acute and chronic antagonist and an irreversible antagonist treatment on cocaine self-administration behavior in rats.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Dramatic increase in lever-pressing activity in rats after training on the progressive ratio schedule of cocaine self-administration.Scientific reports · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe break point (BP) of the progressive ratio (PR) schedule of drug delivery is a well-recognized parameter in self-administration studies. Nonetheless, two problems remain unresolved: there is no rationally justified criterion for the last response at BP; the both commonly used definitions of BP as the number of deliveries or the last complete progressive ratio requirement are not the best assuming that BP is a measure of motivation. NEW
methodA criterion for the last lever press is proposed in this study using intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats. The rationale is based on the finding that long inter-press intervals have initially very low probability to occur during the self-administration phase of the session under the PR schedule. But this probability dramatically increases when inter-injection intervals increase due to high ratio requirements.
resultsFor cocaine these critical inter-press intervals were 7.5 min and longer. This novel criterion was applied to measure BP according to all four theoretically plausible definitions of BP including the new one: the higher of the two numbers of presses before or after the last delivery of the reinforcer. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING
methodThe conventionally defined BP is significantly lower (by 12 %) than BP defined according to the new proposed definition. The new definition of BP provides not only a more accurate value of BP but now the variance of BP at different cocaine doses is homogeneous as required by many statistical tests.
conclusionThese new definitions of the last press and BP provide more accurate and statistically homogenous measure of BP.
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