ReviewInfection2021
Characteristics of viral pneumonia in the COVID-19 era: an update.
Review in Infection, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of Drug Interaction Adverse Events in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- A safety evaluation of intermittent high-dose inhaled nitric oxide in viral pneumonia due to COVID-19: a randomised clinical study.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Optimization of the antiviral spectrum of cyclophilin inhibitors targeting respiratory viruses.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Immune cell disorder in viral pneumonia.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Severe viral infections requiring intensive care unit admissions- aetiology, co-infections, respiratory interventions and outcomes.Infection · 2026Article
- Induced Regulatory T Cells Attenuate Poly I:C-Triggered Acute Lung Injury by Modulating Cytokine Responses.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Improving directed evolution strategies: error-prone PCR optimization for SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infection caused by Omicron, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus a in children in Chengdu: a retrospective study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Post-Engraftment Syndrome Following Autologous Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient With Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma.Respirology case reports · 2025Article
- Respiratory Viral Detection in Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia During Periods of Major Population Disruptions in Nepal, 2014-2018.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Article
- Exploring the Causal Effects of Micronutrient Supplementation on Susceptibility to Viral Pneumonia: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Purinergic signaling in the battlefield of viral infections.Purinergic signalling · 2025Review
- Liposome-Based Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for Lung Diseases: Opportunities and Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Phosphorylation Modifications and Their Role in Viral Pneumonia: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Review
- Article
- Opportunity for severe and critical COVID-19 pneumonia treatment with corticosteroids: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Detection method of viral pneumonia imaging features based on CT scan images in COVID-19 case study.MethodsX · 2024Article
- Respiratory adenovirus infections in children: a focus on Africa.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Investigating ABO Blood Groups and Secretor Status in Relation to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Severity.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- The Effect of Sex on the Risk of Long-COVID and Cardiovascular Complications in Healthy Patients without Comorbidities: Data from a Polish Long-COVID Cardiovascular (PoLoCOV-CVD) Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus frequently cause viral pneumonia, an important cause of morbidity and mortality especially in the extreme ages of life. During the last two decades, three outbreaks of coronavirus-associated pneumonia, namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome, and the ongoing Coronavirus Infectious Disease-2019 (COVID-19) were reported. The rate of diagnosis of viral pneumonia is increasingly approaching 60% among children identified as having community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Clinical presentation ranges from mild to severe pneumonitis complicated by respiratory failure in severe cases. The most vulnerable patients, the elderly and those living with cancer, report a relevant mortality rate. No clinical characteristics can be useful to conclusively distinguish the different etiology of viral pneumonia. However, accessory symptoms, such as anosmia or ageusia together with respiratory symptoms suggest COVID-19. An etiologic-based treatment of viral pneumonia is possible in a small percentage of cases only. Neuraminidase inhibitors have been proven to reduce the need for ventilatory support and mortality rate while only a few data support the large-scale use of other antivirals. A low-middle dose of dexamethasone and heparin seems to be effective in COVID-19 patients, but data regarding their possible efficacy in viral pneumonia caused by other viruses are conflicting. In conclusion, viral pneumonia is a relevant cause of CAP, whose interest is increasing due to the current COVID-19 outbreak. To set up a therapeutic approach is difficult because of the low number of active molecules and the conflicting data bearing supportive treatments such as steroids.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.