ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2021
Longitudinal Analysis of Sleep Spindle Maturation from Childhood through Late Adolescence.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in electrical activity of the brain during sleep: a systematic review of electroencephalographic findings across the human lifespan.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Precision sleep signatures to predict mental health outcomes in youth.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Review
- Pediatric precision sleep network: a study protocol for identifying sleep signatures of mental health risk in peri-adolescents.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Influence of sleepiness, quantity, and quality of sleep on academic performance in adolescent students of a Colombian public institution.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Article
- Decoding brain age predictions from sleep electroencephalography across infancy to adolescence.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Using a wearable EEG device to examine age trends in sleep macro- and micro-architecture across adolescence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Sleep Spindle Abnormalities in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disability: Insights From Nap Polysomnography.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Article
- Multimodal evidence of mediodorsal thalamus-prefrontal circuit dysfunctions in clinical high-risk for psychosis: findings from a combined 7T fMRI, MRSI and sleep Hd-EEG study.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Competitive roles of slow/delta oscillation-nesting-mediated sleep disruption under acute methamphetamine exposure in monkeys.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Article
- Sleep Across the Lifespan: A Neurobehavioral Perspective.Current sleep medicine reports · 2025Review
- Influence of biological maturation on cardiac autonomic recovery in female volleyball players during & after repeated sprints training: An experimental trial.Sports medicine and health science · 2024Article
- A growth chart of brain function from infancy to adolescence based on EEG.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Article
- A Thalamocortical Perspective on Sleep Spindle Alterations in Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Current sleep medicine reports · 2024Review
- Age-associated sleep spindle characteristics in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2024Article
- Sleep spindle maturity promotes slow oscillation-spindle coupling across child and adolescent development.eLife · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sleep spindles are intermittent bursts of 11-15 Hz EEG waves that occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Spindles are believed to help maintain sleep and to play a role in sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Here we applied an automated sleep spindle detection program to our large longitudinal sleep EEG dataset (98 human subjects, 6-18 years old, >2000 uninterrupted nights) to evaluate maturational trends in spindle wave frequency, density, amplitude, and duration. This large dataset enabled us to apply nonlinear as well as linear age models, thereby extending the findings of prior cross-sectional studies that used linear models. We found that spindle wave frequency increased with remarkable linearity across the age range. Central spindle density increased nonlinearly to a peak at age 15.1 years. Central spindle wave amplitude declined in a sigmoidal pattern with the age of fastest decline at 13.5 years. Spindle duration decreased linearly with age. Of the four measures, only spindle amplitude showed a sex difference in dynamics such that the age of most rapid decline in females preceded that in males by 1.4 years. This amplitude pattern, including the sex difference in timing, paralleled the maturational pattern for δ (1-4 Hz) wave power. We interpret these age-related changes in spindle characteristics as indicators of maturation of thalamocortical circuits and changes in sleep depth. These robust age-effects could facilitate the search for cognitive-behavioral correlates of spindle waveforms and might also help guide basic research on EEG mechanisms and postnatal brain maturation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.