ArticleCellular & molecular immunology2021
VRK2 is involved in the innate antiviral response by promoting mitostress-induced mtDNA release.
Article in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mitochondrial DNA regulation of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and intervention strategies.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- High VRK2 expression level predicts unfavorable survival outcomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of cGAS-STING Axis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Related Diseases in Humans: A Comprehensive Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Metabolic-Immune Reprogramming via CuZnS@BSA Nanoregulators to Overcome Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Theranostics · 2026Article
- DNA methylation and bronchiectasis: a Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate causal link and therapeutic target.Epigenetics · 2025Article
- LPS-Induced Mitochondrial Damage via SLC41A1-Mediated Magnesium Ion Efflux Leads to the Pyroptosis of Dental Stem Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- IRF1 amplifies HSV-1-triggered antiviral innate immunity in a feed-forward manner.Cell insight · 2025Article
- The S273R protein of African swine fever virus antagonizes the canonical NF-Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The African swine fever virus B125R protein antagonizes JAK-STAT signalling by promoting the degradation of IFNAR2.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial DNA signals driving immune responses: Why, How, Where?Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- The neuroimmune nexus: unraveling the role of the mtDNA-cGAS-STING signal pathway in Alzheimer's disease.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial DNA leakage: underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications in neurological disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Mechanisms and effects of activation of innate immunity by mitochondrial nucleic acids.International immunology · 2025Review
- Matrine and Its Derivatives: Multi-Pathway Regulation in Cancer Therapy.Cancer management and research · 2025Review
- Ginkgetin Alleviates Inflammation and Senescence by Targeting STING.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Review
- G6PD maintains the VSMC synthetic phenotype and accelerates vascular neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting the VDAC1-Bax-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Article
- The Asthma Risk Gene,Journal of respiratory biology and translational medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Mitochondrial DNA-triggered innate immune response: mechanisms and diseases.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mitochondrial stress (mitostress) triggered by viral infection or mitochondrial dysfunction causes the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cytosol and activates the cGAS-mediated innate immune response. The regulation of mtDNA release upon mitostress remains uncharacterized. Here, we identified mitochondria-associated vaccinia virus-related kinase 2 (VRK2) as a key regulator of this process. VRK2 deficiency inhibited the induction of antiviral genes and caused earlier and higher mortality in mice after viral infection. Upon viral infection, VRK2 associated with voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) and promoted VDAC1 oligomerization and mtDNA release, leading to the cGAS-mediated innate immune response. VRK2 was also required for mtDNA release and cGAS-mediated innate immunity triggered by nonviral factors that cause Ca
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.